不结球白菜（Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis）又称小白菜、青菜、油菜等，为一、二年生草本植物，为十字花科芸薹属不结球白菜亚种，是白菜类作物的重要组成部分，也是我国全国各地周年栽培的重要绿叶蔬菜。由于近年来气候异常，冬季气温多变，低温冻害、转黄期高温已成为不结球白菜‘黄玫瑰’品系生产上的一个严重问题，成了不结球白菜在江苏地区越冬栽培的主要制约因素，直接影响着冬季不结球白菜的产量和品质，因此，筛选耐寒性强的不结球白菜杂交组合是解决不结球白菜越冬栽培的关键举措。

本试验对12份供试不结球杂交组合进行耐寒性综合分析与鉴定，在江苏省南京市、江苏省连云港市和江苏省如皋市开展多点比较试验，系统比较不同不结球白菜杂交组合在江苏省不同生态区的产量与生理生化指标，并以产量为首要因素综合其他指标对其进行初步推广适宜性评价。试验材料为16份不结球白菜材料，其中包含12份不结球白菜杂交新组合，4份为对照组合，分别为黑塌菜、香青菜、NHCC-010及‘黄玫瑰’。在南京农业大学白马科研基地进行统一露地与保护地越冬栽培，于成熟期测定田间植物学性状、受冻害情况、营养品质指标、抗逆性指标及产量，旨在对不结球白菜耐寒新组合进行鉴定与评价。通过测定在南京地区和如皋、连云港地区试点低温胁迫后16份不结球白菜材料的营养品质指标、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性及产量，进行不结球白菜材料的不同地区横向差异性比较，旨在筛选出进入低温期后适宜当地栽培的耐寒性强、优质高产的不结球白菜新组合。本试验利用科学合理的评价体系对不结球白菜新组合的耐寒能力进行鉴定，为不结球白菜耐寒适应性提供依据。

主要研究结果如下：

1.对16份参试不结球白菜材料进行耐寒性鉴定，不同材料在农艺性状、整齐度、低温受冻害情况、营养品质指标、抗逆性生理生化指标及产量上均有显著的差异，对这些指标进行相关性分析和隶属函数分析，发现不结球白菜农艺性状能初步反映其对低温胁迫的耐受能力，长势越好、单株重与产量越高，不结球白菜材料的对低温胁迫耐受能力越强；Vc含量与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关，光合色素之间呈极显著正相关，抗超氧阴离子自由基与可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著负相关，MDA与株高、开展度、叶片数和叶长均呈负相关，与冻害指数呈正相关。不结球白菜产量与CAT含量、可溶性蛋白含量、光合色素含量呈正相关，而与SOD、POD、可溶性糖和维生素C含量呈负相关，这说明不结球白菜产量越高，可溶蛋白、光合色素含量就越多，而可溶性糖和维生素C含量相对较低。利用主成分分析将各单项指标化简为7个综合指标，采用隶属函数法分析计算各组合的综合评价值（D值），按耐寒性强弱进行排序，由高到低依次为：012（NHCC-002×084）、015（黑塌菜）、016（NHCC-010）、008、006、009、013、005、002、004、010、001、011、007、014（黄玫瑰）、003

2.不同地区同一材料的各项指标均有显著性差异，如皋栽培005、007和012和连云港栽培003、009和014可溶性蛋白含量高于南京，001、010、011和016两地均高于南京。所有组合可溶性糖含量在如皋试点地区栽培均高于南京地区栽培，除002、009和013外，其余品种适宜在连云港地区推广。如皋栽培002、003、010、014和015，连云港栽培001、00维生素C含量高于南京，009两地均高于南京。脯氨酸含量仅连云港栽培的016高于南京栽培。通过对丙二醛含量测定发现，003、004、014和016在如皋和连云港栽培耐寒情况均次于南京。从抗超氧阴离子能力出发，002、004、006、008、012和013两地均适宜栽培，005和012适宜连云港栽培，003、009和014适合如皋栽培。所有组合在连云港产量均高于南京地区和如皋地区，其中012产量均最高，显著高于其他组合，004在如皋地区试点和连云港地区试点产量均较低，分别为次低和最低，016在南京和连云港地区较其他组合产量较高，在如皋地区产量却较低，008、010在如皋地区较其他组合产量较高，在连云港地区却较低，015在南京地区产量较其他组合产量较低，而在如皋地区和连云港地区排名较高，007在如皋地区排名中等，在南京和连云港地区排名较低，013在如皋地区排名最低，在南京和连云港地区排名较高。015在连云港地区增产最多，增产145.17%，其次为014，112.88%，第三为006，106.19%，第四为002，103.04%，第五为016，102.8%，这五个组合产量都增加了超过一倍，007、009、004、013、005、003、010、011和001增产超过50%。012增产最少，为41.46%。除014增产6.2%外，其余组合如皋栽培产量均减少，012减产最少，为2.1%。综合分析，所有组合均适宜在连云港地区推广，筛选出014（黄玫瑰）、015（黑塌菜）、005、002、008、006、007适宜在如皋地区栽培推广。

Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, also known as little cabbage, green cabbage, rape, etc., is a biennial herb, is the brassica Brassicae non-tuberculous subspecies of cabbage, is an important part of the cabbage crop, is also an important green leafy vegetable cultivated all over the country. In recent years, due to the abnormal climate and the changeable winter temperature, low temperature freezing damage and high temperature in the yellowing period have become a serious problem in the production of the "yellow rose" strain of non-pelleting cabbage, which has become the main restricting factors for the winter cultivation of non-pelleting cabbage in Jiangsu, and directly affects the yield and quality of non-pelleting cabbage in winter. The key measure to solve the problem of overwinter cultivation of non-heading cabbage is to select the hybrid combination of non-heading cabbage with strong cold resistance.

In this experiment, the cold tolerance of 12 non-nodular hybrid combinations was comprehensively analyzed and identified, and the yield and physiological and biochemical indexes of different non-nodular hybrid combinations of Chinese cabbage in different ecological regions of Jiangsu were systematically compared in Nanjing, Lianyungang and Rugao. With yield as the primary factor and other indexes, the suitability of its initial promotion was evaluated. The experimental materials were 16 non-forming Chinese cabbage materials, including 12 new hybrid combinations of non-forming Chinese cabbage and 4 control combinations, which were black cabbage, vanilla, NHCC-010 and yellow rose. In order to identify and evaluate a new combination of cold tolerance of non-forming Chinese cabbage, the field botanical characters, freezing damage, nutritional quality, stress resistance and yield were measured at maturity. By measuring the nutritional quality index, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of 16 non-heading Chinese cabbage materials after low temperature stress in Nanjing area, Rugao area and Lianyungang area, the horizontal difference of non-heading Chinese cabbage materials in different regions was compared, in order to select a new combination of non-heading Chinese cabbage with strong cold resistance, high quality and high yield suitable for local cultivation after entering the low temperature period. In this experiment, a scientific and reasonable evaluation system was used to identify the cold tolerance of the new combination of non-forming Chinese cabbage, which provided a basis for the cold tolerance adaptability of non-forming Chinese cabbage.The main findings are as follows:

1. The cold tolerance of 16 samples of non-pelleting Chinese cabbage materials was evaluated, and there were significant differences among different materials in agronomic traits, uniformity, low temperature freezing damage, nutritional quality indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes of stress resistance and yield. Correlation analysis and membership function analysis were conducted for these indexes. It was found that the agronomic traits of non-heading cabbage could initially reflect its tolerance to low temperature stress. The better the growth, the higher the plant weight and yield, the stronger the resistance to low temperature stress of non-heading cabbage. Vc content was negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content, photosynthetic pigments were positively correlated with each other, superoxide free radical resistance was negatively correlated with soluble protein content, and MDA was negatively correlated with plant height, development degree, leaf number and leaf length, and positively correlated with freezing damage index. The yield of non-heading cabbage was positively correlated with CAT content, soluble protein content and photosynthetic pigment content, but negatively correlated with SOD, POD, soluble sugar and vitamin C. The higher the yield of non-heading cabbage was, the more soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents were, while the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents were relatively low. Principal component analysis was used to simplify each single index into 7 comprehensive indexes, and membership function method was used to analyze and calculate the comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of each combination, which was sorted according to the strength of cold tolerance, from high to low as follows: 012 (NHCC002×084), 015 (Black cabbage), 016 (NHCC-010), 008, 006, 009, 013, 005, 002, 004, 010, 001, 011, 007, 014 (Yellow Rose), 003

2. The soluble protein content of 005, 007 and 012 cultivated in Rugao and 003, 009 and 014 cultivated in Lianyungang was higher than that in Nanjing, and that of 001, 010, 011 and 016 cultivated in Nanjing was higher than that in Nanjing. The soluble sugar content of all combinations cultivated in Rugao was higher than that cultivated in Nanjing. Except 002, 009 and 013, the other varieties were suitable for promotion in Lianyungang. The content of vitamin C cultivated in 002, 003, 010, 014 and 015 in Rugao, 001 and 00 in Lianyungang was higher than that in Nanjing, and 009 in both places was higher than that in Nanjing. The proline content of 016 cultivated in Lianyungang was higher than that in Nanjing. The cold tolerance of 003, 004, 014 and 016 cultivated in Rugao and Lianyungang was lower than that in Nanjing. In terms of superoxide anion resistance, 002, 004, 006, 008, 012 and 013 are suitable for cultivation, 005 and 012 are suitable for cultivation in Lianyungang, 003, 009 and 014 are suitable for cultivation in Rugao. The output of all combinations in Lianyungang is higher than that in Nanjing and Rugao, and the output of 012 is the highest, significantly higher than that of other combinations. The output of 004 is lower in Rugao and Lianyungang, which are the second lowest and the lowest respectively. 008 and 010 have a higher yield in Rugao region than other combinations, but a lower yield in Lianyungang region; 015 has a lower yield in Nanjing region than other combinations, but a higher ranking in Rugao and Lianyungang region; 007 has a medium ranking in Rugao region, but a lower ranking in Nanjing and Lianyungang region; 013 has the lowest ranking in Rugao region. It ranks higher in Nanjing and Lianyungang. In Lianyungang area, the output of 015 increased by the most, 145.17%, followed by 014,112.88%, 006,106.19%, 002,103.04% and 016,102.8%. The output of these five combinations has more than doubled. 007, 009, 004, 013, 005, 003, 010, 011 and 001 increased production by more than 50%. The increase of 012 was the least, 41.46%. With the exception of 014, the cultivation yield of Rugao decreased by 6.2%, and 012 had the least reduction of 2.1%. After comprehensive analysis, all combinations were suitable for promotion in Lianyungang area, and 014 (yellow rose), 015 (black cabbage), 005, 002, 008, 006, 007 were suitable for cultivation and promotion in Rugao area.

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