番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）是世界上消费量最多的蔬菜之一，具有很高的营养作用和重要的经济价值。然而，作为中度盐敏感型作物，普通番茄对盐分的耐受能力不强，无论是自然盐碱土壤，还是因设施栽培等因素导致的次生盐渍化土壤，均严重影响了番茄的生长发育和产量形成，限制了番茄产业的发展。挖掘和利用盐胁迫响应关键基因，解析番茄耐盐分子调控机制进而培育耐盐品种是提高番茄耐盐能力的有效途径。PLATZ转录因子是植物中特有的一类新型转录因子，已被前人证实在谷子、拟南芥的耐盐性调控中发挥重要作用。但番茄PLATZ基因的生物信息学特征、调控番茄耐盐性的功能和分子机制还鲜有报道。

为明确番茄PLATZ基因家族的特征，并进一步探究其在盐胁迫响应中所发挥的功能，进行以下研究：（1）对9个基因型番茄苗期耐盐性进行综合评价及分类，筛选耐盐与盐敏感种质，为研究盐胁迫下番茄PLATZ基因家族成员在不同耐盐性番茄中的表达特征提供试验材料；（2）从番茄基因组中鉴定PLATZ基因家族成员并进行生物信息学分析，利用qRT-PCR分析PLATZ基因家族成员在盐胁迫下不同耐盐性番茄中的表达特点，筛选响应盐胁迫的关键PLATZ基因；（3）利用遗传转化技术分别过表达和敲除SlPLATZ22，探究其在盐胁迫中的功能及可能的调控机制。主要研究结果如下：

对9个基因型番茄苗期耐盐性进行综合评价和聚类，按照耐盐性的差异将其分为耐盐、中度耐盐和盐敏感3组。其中，耐盐组包括‘LA1598’和‘LA1926’，中度耐盐组包括‘LA1627’、‘LA2093’、‘Big white pink’和‘Ace’，盐敏感组包括‘科丰’、‘Tomato Cherry Red ＆ Yellow Pear Blend’和‘LA1569’。选择耐盐番茄‘LA1598’和盐敏感番茄‘科丰’作为后续研究的试验材料。

在栽培番茄基因组中共鉴定到23个PLATZ基因，其蛋白的氨基酸数在102-279之间，分子质量在12.06-32.03 kDa之间。亚细胞定位预测结果显示，22个PLATZ蛋白定位于细胞核上，只有PLATZ1定位在叶绿体上。PLATZ家族蛋白高度保守，具有相近的保守结构域。番茄PLATZ基因家族成员含1-4个内含子，2-4个外显子，在启动子区域含有大量与植物生长发育、非生物胁迫、激素响应和光响应相关的作用元件。盐胁迫下，PLATZ基因家族成员响应盐胁迫诱导表达量发生变化。其中PLATZ1、PLATZ5、PLATZ11、PLATZ16、PLATZ18、PLATZ20和PLATZ22在盐敏感番茄‘科丰’中的表达量显著高于在耐盐番茄‘LA1598’中的表达量，以PLATZ22表达量最高。选择PLATZ22为响应番茄盐胁迫的关键调控因子进一步探究其功能。

PLATZ22在番茄的根、茎、叶、花、绿熟果和红熟果中均有表达，盐胁迫后在盐敏感番茄‘科丰’和耐盐番茄‘LA1598’的根、叶、花和红熟果中的表达量较高。敲除PLATZ22降低了盐胁迫对番茄生长的影响。盐胁迫6 d后，PLATZ22敲除株系的相对电导率、活性氧水平和丙二醛含量显著低于野生型株系（WT）和PLATZ22过表达株系；株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量显著高于WT和PLATZ22过表达株系。过表达PLATZ22加重了盐胁迫对番茄的危害。盐胁迫6 d后，PLATZ22过表达株系植株矮小，叶片黄化脱落严重，相对电导率、活性氧水平和丙二醛含量显著高于PLATZ22敲除株系，株高、干鲜重、叶绿素含量、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量显著低于PLATZ22敲除株系。盐胁迫后，PLATZ22过表达株系中的离子转运相关基因（SOS1、SOS2、NHX1），抗氧化酶相关基因（SOD、CAT1、CAT2）和渗透调节相关基因（P5CS）的表达量显著低于PLATZ22敲除株系，在PLATZ22敲除株系中的表达量显著高于在WT株系和PLATZ22过表达株系中的表达量。上述结果表明，PLATZ22负调控番茄耐盐性。

综上所述，本研究明确了9个基因型番茄苗期耐盐性，明晰了番茄PLATZ基因家族成员的生物信息学特征和在不同耐盐性番茄中的表达特征，验证了SlPLATZ22在调控番茄耐盐性中的功能，丰富了PLATZ基因家族在调控植物耐盐方面的知识，为深入研究PLATZ基因家族的耐盐调控机制奠定了基础，为番茄耐盐育种和栽培提供了依据。

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegeTable s in the world, with a high nutritional role and important economic value. However, as a moderately salt-sensitive crop, common tomato is not strong in salt tolerance. Both natural saline-alkali soil and secondary salinization soil caused by facilities cultivation have seriously affected the growth and yield formation of tomato, and limited the development of tomato industry. It is an effective way to improve the salt-tolerant capacity of tomato by mining and utilizing the key genes in response to salt stress and analyzing the molecular regulation mechanism of salt-tolerant tomato. PLATZ transcription factor is a novel transcription factor unique to plants, which has been proved to play an important role in the regulation of salt tolerance in millet and Arabidopsis. However, the bioinformatic characteristics of tomato PLATZ, the function and molecular mechanism of regulating tomato salt tolerance have not been reported.

In order to clarify the characteristics of tomato PLATZ gene family and further explore its functions in response to salt stress, the following studies were conducted: (1) Salt tolerance of 9 genotypes at seedling stage was evaluated and classified, and salt tolerance and salt sensitive germplasm were screened to provide experimental materials for studying the expression characteristics of PLATZ gene family members in different salt-tolerant tomatoes under salt stress. (2) The PLATZ gene family members were identified from the tomato genome and bioinformatics analysis was performed. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression characteristics of PLATZ gene family members in different salt-tolerant tomatoes under salt stress, and key PLATZ genes in response to salt stress were screened. (3) SlPLATZ22 was overexpressed and knocked out by genetic transformation technology to explore its function and possible regulatory mechanism in salt stress. The main findings are as follows:

1. The salt tolerance of 9 tomato genotypes at seedling stage was comprehensively evaluated and clustered, and they were divided into 3 groups of salt tolerance, moderate salt tolerance and salt sensitivity according to the differences in salt tolerance. Among them, the salt-tolerant group includes' LA1598 'and' LA1926 ', and the moderate salt-tolerant group includes' LA1627 ', 'LA2093', 'Big white pink' and 'Ace'. Salt-sensitive groups include 'Kefeng', ' Tomato Cherry Red & Yellow Pear Blend' and 'LA1569'. Salt-tolerant tomato 'LA1598' and salt-sensitive tomato 'Kefeng' were selected as experimental materials for the follow-up study.

2. A total of 23 PLATZ genes were identified in the cultivated tomato genome, with amino acid number ranging from 102 to 279 and molecular weight ranging from 12.06 to 32.03 kDa. Subcellular localization prediction showed that 22 PLATZ proteins were located on the nucleus and only PLATZ1 was located on the chloroplast. PLATZ family proteins are highly conserved and have similar conserved domains and Motif structures. Tomato PLATZ gene family members contain 1-4 introns and 2-4 exons, and contain a large number of active elements related to plant growth and development, abiotic stress, hormone response and light response in the promoter region. The expression levels of PLATZ gene family members changed in response to salt stress. The expression levels of PLATZ1, PLATZ5, PLATZ11, PLATZ16, PLATZ18, PLATZ20 and PLATZ22 in salt-sensitive tomato 'Kefeng' were significantly higher than those in salt-tolerant tomato 'LA1598', and PLATZ22 was the highest. PLATZ22 was selected as a key regulatory factor in response to tomato salt stress to further explore its function.

3.PLATZ22 was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, green ripe fruits and red ripe fruits of tomato, and the expression level was higher in the roots, leaves, flowers and red ripe fruits of salt-sensitive tomato 'Kefeng' and salt-tolerant tomato 'LA1598' after salt stress. Elimination of PLATZ22 reduced the effect of salt stress on tomato growth. After 6 days of salt stress, the relative electrical conductivity, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content of PLATZ22-knocked out strain were significantly lower than those of wild-type strain (WT) and PLATZ22-overexpressed strain. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content were significantly higher than those of WT and PLATZ22 overexpressed lines. Overexpression of PLATZ22 increased the harm of salt stress on tomato. After 6 days of salt stress, the PLATZ22-overexpressed strain had short plants and severe leaf yellows. The levels of relative electrical conductivity, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents were significantly higher than those of PLATZ22-knocked out strain, while the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substances contents were significantly lower than those of PLATZ22-knocked out strain. After salt stress, the expression levels of ion transport-related genes (SOS1, SOS2, NHX1), antioxidase-related genes (SOD, CAT1, CAT2) and osmoregulation genes (P5CS) in PLATZ22-overexpressed strains were significantly lower than those in PLATZ22-knocked out strains. The expression level in PLATZ22 knockout lines was significantly higher than that in WT lines and PLATZ22 overexpression lines. The results indicated that PLATZ22 negatively regulated tomato salt tolerance.

In summary, this study identified 9 genotypes of tomato salt tolerance at seedling stage, clarified the bioinformatics characteristics of tomato PLATZ gene family members and their expression characteristics in different salt-tolerant tomatoes, verified the function of SlPLATZ22 in regulating tomato salt tolerance, and enriched the knowledge of PLATZ gene family in regulating plant salt tolerance. This study laid a foundation for further study of salt tolerance regulation mechanism of PLATZ gene family, and provided a basis for salt-tolerant breeding and cultivation of tomato.

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