滇池流域面源污染是导致水体富营养化的重要原因之一。加强滇池流域面源污染的研究和治理工作对控制滇池水体的富营养化具有重要意义。本研究于2006年7月至2008年2月期间选择滇池入湖河流沿岸两座村庄：官渡区六甲乡梁家村和新一村两种不同类型村庄，进行面源污水处理技术研发与工程设计，并对工程处理效果进行研究。 梁家村属于居民-农田混合区，居民区生活污水及农田排水均由农田沟渠汇流排出。本研究之一选择梁家村2条原有农田沟渠进行生态学改造，其中1条添加外源微生物，另1条不加微生物，并选择传统沟渠作为对照。通过对沟渠进出水水质进行监测，来评价工程处理效果。主要结论如下： 1、生态沟渠运行效果 在旱季，对TN，TP，COD的平均浓度削减率，添加微生物的生态沟渠分别为70.3%，66.6%，73.7%；未添加微生物的生态沟渠为48.3%，60.6%，58.0%，而传统沟渠则为30.1%，23.8%，18.4%。添加微生物的生态沟渠对各污染物的削减率较未添加微生物的生态沟渠均提高20-30%。而在雨季，由于进水流量大，停留时间短，进水浓度较旱季偏低，而且两侧农田排水的汇入，造成雨季浓度削减变化不明显，但仍好于传统对照沟渠。 2、各处理单元对污染物削减率 总体来讲，5个处理单元对各污染物削减率依次为：竹炭拦截段 >沉砂段 >砾石拦截段 >陶粒拦截段 >厌氧段。虽然厌氧段对污染物削减率较低，但其对后3段拦截段净化起到重要作用。 3、工程技术经济指标 与传统沟渠相比，生态沟渠具有污水净化效果突出、排洪通畅、景观效果良好等优点，而且不另占用土地，投资成本仅1000元/m3<上标!>，运行成本0.19元/m3<上标!>。 因此将农田沟渠改造成能净化污水的生态沟渠，不仅具有技术可行性，也具经济可行性，此技术适宜我国滇池流域广大农村地区，具有实用性和推广价值。 新一村属于居民新区，利用新区边闲置土地构建沟基复合床污水处理系统。通过对工程进出水进行监测，考察工程运行效果，主要得出以下结论： 1、沟基复合床运行效果 预处理单元(调节沉淀池＋厌氧折流沟)对SS，COD，TP，TN的平均削减率分别为58.76％，36.58％，25.21％，12.16％，基质渗滤床分别为58.31％，68.91％，80.08％，47.16％，预处理单元通过沉淀和提供厌氧环境，对SS和COD表现很好的处理效果，从而保证污水在基质渗滤床得到更好的净化。 2、灌水期间系统出水水质变化 沟基复合床系统进行连续运行表明，头12小时系统对污染净化效率逐渐下降趋势，随后保持稳定。 3、间歇运行对系统处理效果影响 通过对沟基复合床系统进行1d，2d，3d的间歇运行，结果表明随着间歇时间的加大，系统对污染物的去除效果有很大的提高。 4、工程技术经济指标 沟基复合床系统具有良好的技术经济性，水力负荷为0.83m3<上标!>/m2<上标!>•d，污染削减负荷COD 0.172kg/m2<上标!>•d、TN0.031 kg/m2<上标!>•d、TP0.003 kg/m2<上标!>•d、SS 0.120kg/m2<上标!>•d；整个工程投资指标为802.8/m3<上标!>•d，运行费用为0.13元/m3<上标!>。

Non-point pollution in Dianchi Lake Basin is one of the important factors in resulting in water body eutrophication. It is significant to develop techniques for purifying non-point source sewage in order to control eutrophication of Dianchi Lake In the present study, two typical villages, Liang-jia village and Xinyi village, located on north bank of Dianchi Lake were selected to develop and integrate techniques for purifying non-point source sewage based local viliage entironmental characteristics The purifying efficiencies of projects were investigated during studying periods from July 2006 to April 2008. Liang-jia village is the resident-farmland mixing area, sewage from residents area and drainage from farmland flowes into the agro-ditches.Two existed ditches were modified to become the ecological ditches (one ditch with adding microbologansim, and another without adding microbiologanism) to order to enlarge the ditches’ ecological capacities and strengthen their abilities of sewage purification, the purifying efficiencies of ecological titches were investigated compared to a traditional ditch The Major results were summarized as bellow: In dry days, the average removal efficiency of TN, TP, COD were 70.3% and 66.6%, 73.7% for the ecological ditch with adding microorganism; 48.3 %, 60.6 %, 58.0% for the ditch without adding microorganism, while 30.1%, 23.8%, 18.4% for traditional ditch. The removal rates of pollutants were higher by 20-30% for the ecological ditches than for traditional ditch. The average removal efficiency of TN, TP, COD were lower in rain days than in dry days because of the large flux, fast velocity of flow in rain days, but which were yet higher for ecological ditches than for traditional ditch during rain days. The differences of the removal rates of pollutants were determined in dependence on purifying units, which were observed in following a decreasing order as below: interception of bamboo charcoal> desilting of> interception of gravel> ceramic block of> anaerobic paragraph. Although the anaerobic units had the lowest removal rates of pollutants, but these units had also played an important role on other units. The invest for reconstructing ecological ditch based on trandition ditches costed 1000yuan/m3<上标!>, and the runing cost was 0.19yuan/m3<上标!>. So, farmland ecological ditch has great value for application and spread because of its prominent sewage purification effect without using additional land. Xinyi village is one of the new residential area, parts of rimland were used to construct integrated ditch-substrates system to purify sewage. The the water quality parameters of influent and effluent were investigated to characterize the purifying efficiency. The major results were reported as bellow: The average removal rates of SS, COD, TP, TN were 58.8%, 36.6%, 25.2%, 12.2% for the pretreatment units, which were 58.31%, 68.91%, 80.08%, 47.16% for matrix percolation beds. The pretreatment units had a high removal rates of SS and COD due to sedimentation and anaerobic condition, which ensure the better purification of the sewage in the matrix infiltration bed. After the integrated ditch-substrates system kept continuous operation，the average removal rates of SS, COD, TP, TN decreased in the fisrt 12hrs，subsequently removal rates kept stabilization. The average removal rates of SS, COD, TP, TN increased with increasing intermittent running time. The hydraulic loading rate was 0.83m3<上标!>/m2<上标!>•d, pollution loading rate was 0.172kg/m2<上标!>•d for COD, 0.031kg/m2<上标!>•d for TN, 0.003kg/m2<上标!>•d for TP, 0.120kg/m2<上标!>•d for SS; its construction costs was 802.8/m3<上标!>•d, operating costs was 0.13yuan/m3<上标!>.