本文运用文献分析法，数据可视化分析并结合实地调研三种方法，对扬州瘦西湖风景区进行研究。首先通过文献的分析研究，总结出瘦西湖风景区的形成过程与发展历程，分析影响内部空间形成的地理环境、历史文化、社会经济三方面因素。基于空间句法理论从整体到局部节点，多方面对瘦西湖风景区的空间特征进行分析。采用轴线分析法对瘦西湖整体空间进行量化分析，对整体空间的连接度、整合度、智能度和选择度数值具体分析，得到量化图示结果。对于瘦西湖风景区的空间位置分布、序列组织、道路系统、布局结构、空间感知度以及空间内的最佳游览路径等空间特征做具体分析总结；在此基础上，选取瘦西湖内四个不同功能空间的代表性景点，采用视域分析法，比较分析视域整合度、控制值、集聚系数、人群流动等相关参数，发现空间之间的内在关联；还借助现场调研和问卷分析，对空间使用者的特征进行分析。最终根据研究中存在的问题，从景观游线设计、空间功能完善、空间可达性提升三个方面提出优化策略。

本文主要得出以下四个方面的结论：

1. 瘦西湖风景区的园林集群主要成形于清代，运河的疏浚、盐商经济、儒家文化影响使得其形成南秀北雄的园林风格，且选址与各时期水系关系密切。十八世纪之后，以乾隆南巡为契机，瘦西湖两岸出现大量园林建设，并开始出现园林间的整合与向公共性发展。

（2）对于瘦西湖整体空间而言，其整个空间结构布局呈现出一轴一带一中心三片区的特点，并且除了以白塔为主要中心，还存在多个次中心的多极化特征。瘦西湖内部的道路系统大致可分为三级，分别连接每个景点，内部的节点和作为建筑旁的穿行小道，在数量安排上比例约为1:3:8。且瘦西湖内的动静活动区以300-400米之间的距离交替分布，具有节奏感。景区整体空间和局部空间的发展趋势相关性低，说明景区内多数景点的可达性低。同时，空间的感知可达性比较低，在局部空间是很难把握整体空间形态的，这是古典园林风格空间的常见特征，但瘦西湖景区在局部节点处理中注意将古典和现代空间风格融合，使得其更能适合当今的游客游览，保护传统的同时与时俱进。

（3）对于瘦西湖内四个不同的功能代表性的节点，因其不同的功能属性，是四者在建筑、景观的设计布局上有独特个性，由此出古典园林中纪念性、景观性、寺院和商业性空间的景观设计共性特征。而四者为例的共性研究中发现，以水系为纽带的空间位置分布，善于互相借景实现空间上的整合，以及同样的江南园林的造景手法，使得瘦西湖风景区内部各景点得以多样而统一，为更多风景区的规划提供依据。

（4）空间使用者的行为与心理特征：不同年龄段对于场所的类型偏好和路径选择不同。从心理特征上，大多数游客对于整个瘦西湖风景区的空间结构把握能力不强，但是能够把握局部小节点的空间结构。风景区内的空间序列的转换是以不变和渐变为主，突变的部分比较少。通过现场调研发现的问题：游览路线容易重复且缺少指引推荐；部分软件量化分析数值低的区域比数值高的区域对游客更具吸引力；比起内向性的节点，人们更喜欢选择外向型的空间和更具开放性的湖边欣赏景色。

本文创新点在将空间句法理论引入以古典园林为主的大型风景区；在研究尺度上，主要研究中观与微观两个尺度，比较其在同一尺度，同属于一个风景区中四种不同功能空间特征的异同，研究其内在联系与特色；同时结合现场调研印证量化分析结果，提出在分析中需要结合现实考虑的若干因素。本篇论文的完成希望对瘦西湖整体空间和内部节点空间的设计提供建议，对瘦西湖将来的规划设计提供参考。

This article uses literature analysis, data visualization analysis and field investigation to study the Slender West Lake Scenic Area in Yangzhou. Firstly, through the analysis and research of the literature, it summarizes the formation process and development process of the Slender West Lake Scenic Area, and analyzes the three factors that affect the formation of the internal space, the geographical environment, historical culture, and social economy. Based on the spatial syntax theory from the whole to the local nodes, the spatial characteristics of the Slender West Lake Scenic Area are analyzed in many aspects. Quantitative analysis of the whole space of Slender West Lake was carried out by the axis analysis method, and the numerical analysis of the connection, integration, intelligence and choice of the whole space was carried out to obtain quantitative graphical results. The spatial characteristics, spatial organization, road system, layout structure, spatial perception, and the best touring paths in the Slender West Lake Scenic Area are analyzed and summarized; on this basis, four different features in the Slender West Lake are selected. The representative scenic spots in the functional space adopt the visual field analysis method to compare and analyze the relevant parameters such as Visual Integration, Visual Clustering Coefficient, Visual Control, crowd flow, etc. and discover the internal correlation between the spaces; Analyze the characteristics of space users. Finally, according to the problems in the research, optimization strategies were proposed from three aspects: landscape route design, perfect spatial function, and improved spatial accessibility.

This article mainly draws conclusions in the following four aspects:

(1) The garden clusters in the Slender West Lake Scenic Area were mainly formed in the Qing Dynasty. The dredging of the canal, the salt merchant economy and the influence of the Confucian culture made it form a garden style of southern beauty and northern beauty, also the location selection is closely related to the water system of each period. After the eighteenth century, taking the Qianlong South Tour as an opportunity, a large number of garden constructions appeared on both sides of the Slender West Lake, and the integration between gardens and the development of public began to appear.

(2) For the overall space of Slender West Lake, the entire spatial structure layout presents the characteristics of one axis, one belt, one center and three areas. In addition to the main center of Baita, there are also multi-polarization characteristics of multiple sub-centers. The road system inside Slender West Lake can be roughly divided into three levels, connecting each scenic spot separately. The internal nodes and the walking trails beside the building are arranged in a ratio of about 1: 3: 8 in number. Moreover, the dynamic and static activity areas in Slender West Lake are alternately distributed at a distance of 300-400 meters, with a sense of rhythm. The low correlation between the development trend of the overall space and local space in the scenic area indicates that the accessibility of most scenic spots in the scenic area is low. At the same time, the perceived accessibility of the space is relatively low, and it is difficult to grasp the overall spatial form in the local space. This is a common feature of the classical garden style space. Making it more suitable for today's tourists to visit, protect the tradition while advancing with the times.

(3) For the four different functional representative nodes in Slender West Lake, due to their different functional attributes, the four have unique personalities in the design layout of architecture and landscape, which leads to the monumentality and landscape in classical gardens The common features of landscape design of sex, temple and commercial space. In the common research of the four, for example, it was found that the spatial distribution of the water system as a link is good at borrowing each other to realize the spatial integration, and the same Jiangnan garden landscaping techniques have made the various scenic spots in the Slender West Lake Scenic Area diverse Unification will provide a basis for planning more scenic spots.

(4) Behavior and psychological characteristics of space users: Different age groups have different types of preferences and path choices for places. From the psychological characteristics, most tourists are not strong in grasping the spatial structure of the entire Slender West Lake Scenic Area, but they can grasp the spatial structure of small local nodes. The conversion of the spatial sequence in the scenic area is mainly invariant and gradual, and there are relatively few sudden changes. Problems discovered through on-site surveys: Itinerary routes are easy to repeat and lack guide recommendations; some software quantifies areas with low numerical values ??more attractive to tourists than areas with higher values; people prefer to choose outgoing ones than introverted nodes Space and more open lake to enjoy the view.

The innovation of this article is to introduce spatial syntactic theory into large scenic areas dominated by classical gardens; on the research scale, it mainly studies the mesoscopic and microscopic scales, compares them at the same scale, and belongs to four different functions in the same scenic area The similarities and differences of the spatial characteristics, to study their internal connections and characteristics; at the same time, combined with the on-site survey to confirm the quantitative analysis results, put forward a number of factors that need to be considered in the analysis combined with reality. The completion of this paper hopes to provide suggestions for the design of the overall space and internal node space of Slender West Lake, and to provide reference for the future planning of Slender West Lake.

[1] 厉新建.把全域旅游作为供给侧改革的着力点[N].中国旅游报,2016-03-16(003).

[2] 邹统钎,黄鑫.从旅游大国加快走向旅游强国[N].经济日报,2018-10-07(1).

[3] 居小春,吴涛.探寻扬州景区创建“逆袭”之路[N].扬州日报,2019-01-16(3).

[4] 吴涛.把瘦西湖打造成世界级公园[N].扬州日报,2012-04-23(A01).

[5] 张奇知.基于虚拟现实的中国古典园林多感官设计表达研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2018. [6] 赵迎春,刘萍,胡亚萍.公园植物科普推广平台的建设探索——以何园为例[J].现代园艺,2018,32(03):133-134. [7] 高闪闪,徐勇,马东丹,苏金乐.浅谈中国古典园林入口空间中的锚定效应[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(12):1991-1994+2001.

[8] 南京工学院土木建筑工程系城乡规划教研组.扬州瘦西湖规划中的几点体会[J].建筑学报,1961,72(02):5-9.

[9] 朱懋伟.扬州瘦西湖名胜区的保护与建设[J].城市规划,1992,32(06):32-35.

[10] 王晓春.蜀冈—瘦西湖风景区景观生态规划研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006.

[11] 吴肇钊.瘦西湖的历史与艺术[J].新建筑,1985,12(03):16-23.

[12] 吴薇.扬州瘦西湖园林历史变迁研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.

[13] 都铭.扬州园林变迁研究——人群与风景[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2014:26-32.

[14] 张伟,陈骁.扬州蜀岗-瘦西湖私家园林集群的景观构成[J].徐州建筑职业技术学院学报,2002,14(02):31-33.

[15] 王晓春,周晓峰,何小弟,姚江潮,吉琳,马燕兰.扬州瘦西湖公园绿地空间格局与结构的量化研究[J].扬州大学学报,2006,33(03):90-94.

[16] 高魏,李春涛.场所理论视角下的扬州瘦西湖水空间设计探讨[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2014,11(02):65-69.

[17] 安怀起,王志英.中国园林艺术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986:92-93.

[18] 陈从周.说园[M].深圳:海天出版社,1998:69-71．

[19] 赵炜.扬州瘦西湖湖上园林艺术特征与综合价值研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2017.

[20] Hillier B, Hanson J.The social logic of space [M].Cambridge;New York:Cambridge University Press,1984:14-17.

[21] Yujia Zhai,Perver Kor?a Baran,Chengzhao Wu.Can trail spatial attributes predict trail use level in urban forest park? An examination integrating GPS data and space syntax theory[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2018,29(1):51-53.

[22] David,O'Sullivan,Alasdair Turner.Visibility graphs and landscape visibility analysis[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2001,15(3):78-79.

[23] 金达·赛义德,特纳·阿拉斯代尔,比尔·希利尔,饭田慎一,艾伦·佩恩,高士博,杨滔.线段分析以及高级轴线与线段分析:选自《空间句法方法:教学指南》第5章[J].城市设计,2016,12(01):32-55.

[24] 陈烨.Depthmap软件在园林空间结构分析中的应用[J].实验技术与管理,2009,26(09):87-89.

[25] 孙鹏.空间句法理论与传统空间分析方法对中国古典园林的对比解读—承德避暑山庄空间环境研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.

[26] 翟羽丰. 现代空间句法理论在住宅庭园空间研究中的应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.

[27] 唐颖,郑玮锋.基于空间句法的福州小黄楼园林空间结构研究[J].江苏建筑,2019,89(04):20-24.

[28] 潘宝明.历史文化名城的文物保护与旅游发展——扬州的得失引发的名城文物保护的忧思[J].旅游学刊,1999,42(03):50-53+79.

[29] 陈薇.城河湖水一带,绿杨城郭一体——扬州瘦西湖研究二则[J].中国园林,2009,25(11):12-16.

[30] 张晶. 青木川古镇空间特征及保护策略研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.

[31] 彭一刚.中国古典园林分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986:78-82.

[32] Fisher Cynthia,Klingler Stacy L,Song Hyun-Joo.What does syntax say about space? 2-year-olds use sentence structure to learn new prepositions.[J].Cognition,2006,101(1):11-12.

[33] Koohsari Mohammad Javad,Owen Neville,Cerin Ester,Giles-Corti Billie,Sugiyama Takemi. Walkability and walking for transport: characterizing the built environment using space syntax[J].The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity,2016,13(1):77-83.

[34] 王静文,毛其智,党安荣.北京城市的演变模型——基于句法的城市空间与功能模式演进的探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2008,67(03):82-88.

[35] 李斗.扬州画舫录[M].北京:中国画报出版社,2014:44-51.

[36] 都铭.从文人园林到城市风景:18世纪扬州筱园的改造及内在逻辑[J].中国园林,2013,29(09):60-64.

[37] 陈植.园冶注释[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988:12.

[38] 文震亨,周凌.长物志校注[J].世界建筑,2018,65(12):127.

[39] 保罗.诺克斯,史蒂文.平奇.城市社会地理学导论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:36.

[40] 张伟,陈骁.扬州蜀岗-瘦西湖私家园林集群的景观构成[J].徐州建筑职业技术学院学报,2002,33(02):31-33.

[41] 住房城乡建设部关于蜀冈—瘦西湖风景名胜区总体规划的函[J].城市规划通讯,2017,45(18):3.

[42] 朱光亚.中国古典园林的拓扑关系[J].建筑学报,1988,12(08):33-36.

[43] Zhai Y, Baran P K. Do Configurational Attributes Matter in Context of Urban Parks ? Park Pathway Configurational Attributes and Senior Walking[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2016,148(04):188-202.

[44] Koohsari Mohammad Javad,Oka Koichiro,Owen Neville,Sugiyama Takemi. Natural movement: A space syntax theory linking urban form and function with walking for transport.[J].Health & place,2019,58(03):78-81.

[45] Min Fan,Li Chen. Spatial characteristics of land uses and ecological compensations based on payment for ecosystem services model from 2000 to 2015 in Sichuan Province, China[J].Ecological Informatics,2019,42(11):69-70.

[46] 刘滨谊.风景园林三元论[J].中国园林,2013,29(11):37-45.

[47] Elek Pafka, Kim Dovey, Gideon DPA Aschwanden. Limits of space syntax for urban design: Axiality, scale and sinuosity[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2020,47(03):508-522.

[48] 季建业.在2009中国·扬州“烟花三月”国际经贸旅游节暨万花会开幕式上的致辞[N].扬州日报,2009-04-19(A01).

[49] 吴涛.“五一”到瘦西湖尝美食玩文创[N].扬州日报,2019-04-30(005).

[50] 吴涛.瘦西湖之夜，就这样精彩点亮[N].扬州日报,2019-10-14(001).

[51] 李娜.基于空间句法的许村古镇空间网络发展状态研究[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2018,26(05):15-19.

[52] Francesco Leccese, Davide Lista, Giacomo Salvadori, et al. On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2020,46(06):124-126.

[53] 光晓霞.瘦西湖的景观格调与文化特性——以熙春台向北至蜀冈的山林景观为例[J].扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,16(03):109-113.

[54] 李立,钟正龙.历史景观传承与创新——以扬州瘦西湖风景区万花园一期工程景观设计为例[J].林业科技开发,2012,26(03):125-128.

[55] Turner, A. & Penn, A., Making Isovists Syntactic: Isovist Integration Analysis, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Space Syntax Symposium, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil[J].Ecological Informatics,1999,11(09):1-9.

[56] Samia Sharmin,Md. Kamruzzaman. Meta-analysis of the relationships between space syntax measures and pedestrian movement[J].Transport Reviews,2018,38(04):45.

[57] Irfan Irwanuddin, Heri Andoni, Allis Nurdini. Towards sustainable transportation: identification of the spatial configuration of rental housing area using space syntax method[J].Ecological Informatics,2018,152(01):75.

[58] Kübra Cihangir ?amur, Mehdi Roshani, Sania Pirouzi. Using Space Syntax to Assess Safety in Public Areas - Case Study of Tarbiat Pedestrian Area, Tabriz-Iran[J].Ecological Informatics,2017,245(08):9.

[59] 刘红.扬州瘦西湖的徐园[J].机电兵船档案,2009,36(04):78-79.

[60] 江文力,熊瑶.江山蘸绿岸堪染山色迎人秀可餐——瘦西湖徐园造园手法评析[J].园林,2018,42(03):20-23.

[61] 姜小萌. 西蜀文人纪念园景观视觉质量评价[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.

[62] 毛清,张青萍.从扬州瘦西湖小金山之借景看其景观布局[J].园林,2018,31(03):24-27.

[63] 徐亮.扬州瘦西湖吹台及其框景形成考源[J].扬州职业大学学报,2018,22(02):1-7.

[64] 徐亮.扬州法海寺及白塔考论[J].扬州职业大学学报,2017,21(02):9-13.

[65] 杨柳.现代寺院景观设计研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2019.

[66] 张祚.老旧住区文娱活动设施规划与设计适老性改造研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2019.

[67] 赵炜,蒋振欣,陈宇.扬州瘦西湖湖上园林景观现状调查及保护建议[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(05):85-88.

[68] 李斌.瘦西湖畔画中游[J].浙江林业,2010,23(10):40.

[69] 刘滨谊,张亭.基于视觉感受的景观空间序列组织[J].中国园林,2010,26(11):31-35.

[70] 刘滨谊,赵彦.结“亭”组景的旷奥理论研究[J].中国园林,2019,35(07):17-23.

[71] 扬.盖尔,人性化的城市[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.

[72] 嵇长青.瘦西湖景区:世界级,最扬州[N].扬州日报,2014-03-24(A01).