蔬菜富含人体所需多种营养素，日常饮食中占据着不可或缺地位。但在蔬菜种植过程中，部分地区存在违规使用和滥用农药现象，导致蔬菜农药检出或含量超标。为保证蔬菜质量安全，需要对蔬菜进行针对性农药残留检测及其风险分析。泰州市位于江苏省中部地区，四季分明，热量充裕，降水丰沛，当地形成种植蔬菜为主、瓜果为辅的经营模式。因种植规模扩大，农药残留问题也随之而来。因此对近年来泰州市蔬菜进行农药残留检测以及农药残留风险分析十分必要。

基于泰州市2018-2020年海陵区、高港区和姜堰区三个地区蔬菜农药残留例行检测抽检670批次蔬菜样品农药残留数据，对泰州市不同种类、不同来源和不同年份蔬菜农药残留状况进行检测分析研究，并利用危害物风险系数评估方法和人体健康膳食风险评估方法分别进行农药残留风险评估，得出如下结论：

（1）泰州市2018-2020年7类蔬菜农药残留整体检出率21.94 %。其中茄果类和叶菜类检出率较高。对比蔬菜样品检出农药残留量可知，叶菜类蔬菜平均残留量最高，其次为芸薹属类和茄果类蔬菜。个体种植户的蔬菜农药残留检出率约为种植基地蔬菜的2倍，种植基地规模化种植后，蔬菜种植更加科学，农药施打频率、浓度及用药更加合理，蔬菜质量安全性更高。2018-2020年泰州市蔬菜农药残留检出率及农药残留量均呈现波动下降趋势。三年均未出现蔬菜农药残留超标。

（2）7种蔬菜中质量安全风险评估等级存在中度、高度风险的有3种，分别为叶菜类蔬菜、茄果类蔬菜以及根茎薯芋类蔬菜。个体种植户蔬菜中残留农药毒死蜱、乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷为高度风险。种植基地蔬菜中残留农药乙酰甲胺磷为高度风险，三唑磷和毒死蜱为中度风险。2019年蔬菜质量安全风险最低。2018年蔬菜安全风险最高。人体健康膳食风险评估结果表明蔬菜农药残留对人体健康不具有显著危害。但是毒死蜱、乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷、三唑磷等4种禁限用有机磷类农药仍有检出，应引起高度重视。

（3）为提高泰州市蔬菜质量安全，基于泰州市2018-2020年蔬菜农药残留检测及农药残留风险评估结论提出如下措施：推广优质蔬菜品种，推广绿色投入品，加强施行高毒农药实名登记政策，推广胶体金速测技术，提高农民蔬菜质量安全意识；提高监管质量与效率，加快推进标准化生产，推行农产品质量全程可追溯管理，定量检测及风险评估，加强“治违禁促提升”工作，健全市场准入制度，培育知名品牌，净化农业产地环境。

Vegetables are rich in a variety of nutrients needed by the human body and play an indispensable role in the daily diet. However, in the process of vegetable planting, there are illegal use and abuse of pesticides in some areas, resulting in the detection or excessive content of pesticides in vegetables. In order to ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, it is necessary to carry out targeted pesticide residue detection and risk analysis on vegetables. Taizhou is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province, with four distinct seasons, abundant heat and abundant precipitation. A local business model of mainly planting vegetables and supplemented by melons and fruits has been formed. Due to the expansion of planting scale, the problem of pesticide residues also follows. Therefore, it is necessary to detect pesticide residues and analyze the risk of pesticide residues in vegetables in Taizhou in recent years.

Based on the routine detection of pesticide residues in vegetables in Hailing District, Gaogang district and Jiangyan District of Taizhou from 2018 to 2020, the pesticide residues in vegetables of different species, sources and years in Taizhou were detected and analyzed, The hazard risk coefficient assessment method and human health dietary risk assessment method were used to assess the risk of pesticide residues, and the following conclusions were drawn:

(1) The overall detection rate of pesticide residues in 7 categories of vegetables in Taizhou from 2018 to 2020 was 21.94 %. The detection rates of eggplant fruits and leafy vegetables were higher. Compared with the pesticide residues detected in vegetable samples, the average residue of leafy vegetables is the highest, followed by Brassica and Solanaceous Vegetables. The detection rate of pesticide residues in vegetables of individual growers is about twice that of vegetables in the planting base. After large-scale planting in the planting base, vegetable planting is more scientific, pesticide application frequency, concentration and medication are more reasonable, and vegetable quality and safety are higher. From 2018 to 2020, the detection rate and amount of pesticide residues in vegetables in Taizhou showed a fluctuating downward trend. No pesticide residues in vegetables exceeded the standard in the past three years.

(2) Among the 7 kinds of vegetables, there are 3 kinds with moderate and high risk in quality and safety risk assessment, namely leafy vegetables, eggplant and fruit vegetables and rhizome potato and taro vegetables. Pesticide residues chlorpyrifos, acephate and methamidophos in vegetables of individual growers are high risk. The residual pesticide acephate in vegetables in the planting base is high risk, Triazophos and chlorpyrifos are medium risk. The vegetable quality and safety risk is the lowest in 2019. Vegetables had the highest safety risk in 2018. The results of human health dietary risk assessment showed that vegetable pesticide residues did not have significant harm to human health. However, chlorpyrifos, acephate, methamidophos and Triazophos are still detected, which should be paid great attention.

(3) In order to improve the quality and safety of vegetables in Taizhou, the following measures are proposed based on the results of pesticide residue detection and pesticide residue risk assessment of vegetables in Taizhou from 2018 to 2020: promote high-quality vegetable varieties, promote green inputs, strengthen the implementation of the real name registration policy of highly toxic pesticides, promote colloidal gold rapid detection technology, and improve farmers' awareness of vegetable quality and safety; Improve the quality and efficiency of supervision, accelerate the promotion of standardized production, promote the whole process traceability management of agricultural product quality, quantitative detection and risk assessment, strengthen the work of "eliminating violations and promoting improvement", improve the market access system, cultivate well-known brands, and purify the environment of agricultural production areas.

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