硝基呋喃类药物是重要的人工合成的具有5-硝基呋喃基本结构的广谱抗菌类药物，常用的有呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林和呋喃妥因。作为广谱类抗生素，硝基呋喃类药物被广泛应用于饲料添加剂和治疗药物，用于预防和治疗由沙门氏菌和埃希氏菌引起的猪、牛、家禽及蜜蜂的胃肠道疾病，在临床上表现出了良好的预防和治疗效果。但由于硝基呋喃类药物及其代谢物同时具有潜在的致癌和诱导突变作用。因此,我国及世界各国均禁止硝基呋喃类药物在所有食品动物养殖中使用。然而，因为此类药物具有高效、廉价等的特点,在我国畜牧和水产养殖过程中，尤其是作为饲料添加剂仍然存在非法使用的情况。 本试验旨在参考国内外现有先进检测技术的基础上，兼顾我国饲料质检机构装备水平，采用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）进行方法摸索，以建立测定饲料中硝基呋喃类药物含量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法。饲料中四种呋喃类药物经乙腈提取，提取液浓缩后用上样液溶解残渣，经过亲水-疏水性固相萃取柱（hydrophile-lipophile balance，HLB）净化后，以乙腈-乙酸铵溶液为流动相，反相色谱柱分离，在Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱上，紫外检测器365 nm波长下分离检测。四种硝基呋喃类药物的标准曲线回归系数均在0.9997以上，线性范围在0.2 ～ 30 μg/mL；几个添加浓度的加标回收率≥70% ～ 98%，回收率标准偏差≤10%。试验结果证实，本试验建立的HPLC检测方法具有操作相对简单，线性范围良好，且重复性好等优点。本方法适于配合饲料、浓缩饲料和预混合饲料中硝基呋喃类药物的检测。

Nitrofurans are important synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, with the 5- nitryl-furan basic structure, such as Furazolidone, Furaltadone,Nitrofurantoin and Furacillin. Nitrofurans are widely used as the broad-spectrum antibiotics in feed additives and therapeutic drugs for preventing and treating the gastrointestinal disease caused by Salmonella and E. coli in pigs, cattle, poultry and bees. And they have demonstrated good prevention and treatment effectivenss in veterinary clinic. Because of the potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects caused by nitrofurans and their metabolites, nitrofurans are prohibited using in all animal-producing breeding in China and all over the world. However, because of their high antibacterial efficiency, lower cost and other characteristics, nitrofurans still have being illegally used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. The aim of this study is to establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of nitrofurans in feeds, according to the equipment levels of feed quality inspection agencies in China. Extraction used acetonitrle and cleaned up with HLB solid-phase extraction column, Nitrofurans were separated on Water Sunfire C18 column with UV detector 365 nm, using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer as mobile phase. The linearity range is good. The nitrofurans standard curve regression coefficient is above 0.9997, the linearity ranged from 0.2 ~30 μg/mL. The average recoveries of nitrofurans ranged from 70% ~ 98%, with RSD below 10%. This method exhibits easy operation, good linearity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility for determination of nitrofurans residues in formula feeds, concentrated feeds and premixes feed.