外生菌根菌(Ectomycorrhizal fungi, EMF)是菌根真菌的一大类，可与寄主植物根系形成互利互惠关系的共生体结构---外生菌根。EMF在森林生态系统中广泛存在，可促进寄主植物对水分和营养元素的吸收，在寄主植物的定植、生长和抗逆性等方面具有重要作用。本文对铜污染区的菌根菌群体多样性特征进行了调查，同时研究了外生菌根菌对铜尾砂堆上树木幼苗定植和生长的影响。 通过对南京东郊九华山铜矿污染区松树和栎树根系，以及周边对照地的外生菌根进行采样和EMF菌种鉴定，研究重金属污染矿区的EMF群体多样性特征。结果表明：矿区EMF在寄主植物根系的侵染率和对照区相比有显著降低。从矿区松树根系、矿区栎树根系、对照区植物根系中共分别发现11种、8种和8种EMF， Shannon’s 指数和Simpson’s指数分析表明重金属污染矿区和对照区的EMF种类多样性之间没有显著区别。比较各EMF群落的EMF菌种发现，矿区松树根系和栎树根系的EMF群落之间，相同的菌种只有2种；两者与对照区EMF群落之间，共同的菌种分别也只有3种和2种。各EMF群落之间Sørensen相似性指数均比较低，说明3个不同采样点之间的EMF种类的组成有较大差异。 此外，以安徽省铜陵市冬瓜山尾矿为研究地点，研究了3种EMF （Pisolithus sp.; C. geophinum;L. laccata）对松树和栎树幼苗在铜尾矿堆的定植、生长和重金属元素及营养元素吸收的影响，以及树苗根系菌根侵染情况及种类。调查发现，三种EMF接种处理均可以显著提高松树幼苗在尾砂堆的移栽成活率、提高松树幼苗的生物量和株高，但接种效应对栎树苗的作用不如松树明显。接种7个月后松树苗和栎树苗的根系外生菌根均老化干枯，无法通过分子手段鉴定EMF的种类。与非接种对照相比，EMF接种对栎树幼苗体内Cu含量没有显著影响；而三种EMF接种均可显著提高松树苗根系的Cu含量。EMF接种均可以显著提高松树苗体内K和Ca的含量，但对松树苗体内Mg含量没有显著影响；EMF接种对栎树苗体内的K、Ca、Mg的含量没有显著影响。 本论文的研究结果对重金属抗性EMF菌种的筛选及利用EMF进行重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供了一定的理论依据。

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), a large class of mycorrhizal fungi, are ubiquitous in forest ecosystem. These fungi can form mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants. The symbiosis improves host performance by enhancing nutrient and water uPsake from the soil, playing an essential role in host’s colonization, growing and tolerance. This thesis investigated the EMF communities structure in a copper mine and examined the growth of pine and oak seedlings inoculated with different EMF in a copper mine tailing. To investigate the EMF communities structure in a copper mine, the roots from pine trees and oak trees were sampled in an abandoned mine (Mt. Jiuhua copper mine area), and the roots from random trees were also sampled in control area. ECM root tips were indentified for species-level identification. Results indicated that infection rates of EMF in mine were lower than those in control area. There were 11, 8, 8 of EMF species indentified from pine trees, oak trees and control area, respectively. Shannon’s index and Simpson’s index of those above EMF community indicated that the difference between each EMF community was not significant. Only a few of shared EMF were found among different invesitiged area, i.e., 2 between pine trees and oak trees, 3 between pine trees and control area, and 3 between oak trees and control area. Moremove, the Sørensen similarity index between each community was also low. These results indicate that the EMF structure between each community was remarkablely different. To examine the growth of pine and oak seedlings inoculated with different EMF in a copper mine tailing, seedlings of pine or oak were inoculated with one of the three EMF species (Pisolithus sp.; C. geophinum; L. laccata), and then were transplanted into copper tailing (Mt. Donggua, Anhui province). The survival rates of pine seedlings infected by different EMF were significantly higher than those of control seedlings, but this trend could not be found in oak seedlings. The increment of fresh weight and shoot height for ECM pine seedlings were significantly higher than those of control seedlings. The difference in biomass increment of oak seedlings between ECM and control treatments was not statistically significant. EMF inoculation treatments can effectively increasing the Cu concentration in pine seedling, however, there were no significant effect of EMF inoculation on Cu absorption. Nutrients determination showed that EMF inoculation could enhance K and Ca uptake on pine seedlings, but this trend were not apparent on oak seedlings. Effects of all EMF inoculation of pine and oak seedlings on Mg uptake were not statistically significant. All of ECM roots in seedling root systems were senescent and dead after 7 month transplanting into the copper mine tailing. This study provides the theoretical basis for selecting heavy-metal stress EMF species and using EMF in ecological restoration on heavy-metal contaminated area.