猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine productive and respiratory syndrome，PRRS），又称“蓝耳病”，是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染引起的急性传染病，主要危害母猪和仔猪，母猪感染PRRSV后常常导致流产、死胎、木乃伊胎等繁殖障碍疾病，仔猪感染后引起典型的呼吸症状，消瘦，被毛粗乱以及高死亡率。PRRSV由于其感染力强、发病迅速给全世界养猪业带来了巨大经济损失。疫苗的推广使用有效控制了PRRS在全球的爆发，然而近些年以来，由于高致病性毒株（HP-PRRSV）以及NADC30样的重组病毒的出现，给世界养猪业又带来了新的挑战；由于PRRSV毒力的复杂性以及高致病性等特点，使猪体对其他致病菌的易感性增强，从而继发细菌性疾病,导致更严重的临床症状，最终导致猪群较高的致死率以及更大的经济损失。其临床上常伴随出现的致病菌主要有链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌以及溶血性大肠杆菌等。因此，对PRRSV和引起并发症的致病菌进行流行病学调查和耐药分析，为临床针对性的用药提供参考，是目前有效解决和降低PPRSV引起的猪致死性和生产性能下降的主要手段之一。
本文针对上海市某大型规模化猪场爆发的一起传染病进行了临床诊断和实验室诊断，通过临床症状、病理剖检、实验室细菌分离和RT-PCR方法，对该起传染病进行了诊断。临床观察病猪表现为经产母猪表现为高热（40~41℃），精神沉郁，食欲减少或废绝，耳朵、外阴发红发绀，严重的耳朵坏死，母猪臀部有出血点，各个时期的妊娠母猪均有流产发生；哺乳仔猪精神沉郁、食欲减少、消瘦，耳朵发绀，发病猪出现扎堆现象；育肥猪全身发红，耳朵发绀，呼吸加快，有的患猪咳嗽明显，鼻腔分泌物增多，有的患猪呕吐、腹泻，后肢站立不稳，有的病猪有结膜炎症状。剖检后可见主要的病变发生在肺部，肺脏心叶发生对称性肉样变，肺脏水肿、充血、淤血，不同程度的弥散性间质性肺炎，肺间质水肿，肺脏有出血点，黏膜上覆盖一层弥漫性、坏死性、腐乳状物质；除此之外，还出现肝肿大、充血、出血；肾脏表面有出血点，甚至坏死；膀胱内壁充血，无尿液。实验室检测结果显示，送检样品中分离到副猪嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌，同时RT-PCR检测PRRSV为阳性。根据实验室检测结果，结合临床症状和病理变化，判定该起传染病为三种病原引起的混合感染。根据诊断结果，结合该猪场的管理情况和混合感染程度，制定了一系列综合防制措施，包括加强生物安全管理、疫苗免疫接种、药物预防和治疗。主要措施如下：控制人员和车辆流动，加强消毒措施，应用消毒剂季铵盐消毒液等对猪场环境和来往人员及车辆进行消毒，发病猪群给药替米考星（1000g/吨饲料）、阿莫西林（500g/吨饲料）和氟尼辛葡甲胺(500g/吨饲料)，全部猪群进行蓝耳病疫苗的免疫接种。通过以上综合防控措施，疫情得到有效控制，在之后的一年时间内猪场稳定，没有出现疾病的反复。经临床证明，上述的防控方法具有较好的保护效果，为临床传染病的防制提供了依据。

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as "blue ear disease", is an acute infectious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs, which mainly affects sows and piglets. Sows infected with PRRSV often present the reproductive disorders such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and mummy fetuses, while the infected piglets often have the typical respiratory symptoms, as well as weight loss, rough coat and high mortality. Due to its strong infectivity and rapid onset, PRRSV has brought huge economic losses to the pig industry around the world. The promotion and use of vaccines have effectively controlled the outbreak of PRRS in the world, In recent years, the genetic recombination of PRRSV in different groups has caused the appearance and outbreak of the NADC30-like group accompanied with HP-PRRSV, which has brought new challenge to the swine industry. Due to the complexity of virulence and high pathogenicity of PRRSV, the susceptibility of pigs to other pathogenic bacteria is enhanced, resulting in secondary bacterial diseases， leading to more severe clinical symptoms and ultimately higher mortality in pigs. and greater economic losses. Usually, the mainly existed bacteria include Streptococcus, Haemophilus parasuis, and hemolytic E. coli in clinic, which could cause secondary infection following PRRSV infection. Therefore, the epidemiological investigation of PRRSV and drug resistance analysis of the pathogenic bacteria that causes complications will provide a reference for clinically targeted medication. At present, it is one of the main methods to effectively solve and reduce the lethality and production performance caused by PPRSV.

A Industrialized farm in Shanghai was selected for clinical diagnosis and laboratory diagnosis of an outbreak of infectious disease in the swine farm. Clinically the postpartum sows showed high fever (40~41℃), depression, loss of appetite, cyanosis of the ears and vulva, severe ear necrosis, and bleeding spots in the buttocks, abortion occurred in all gestational sows; Suckling piglets showed depression，loss of appetite, cyanosis of ears, and clumping phenomenon. Growing and fattening pigs had red whole body, cyanosis of ears, and rapid respiration. Some pigs had obvious cough and increased nasal secretions. Some pigs had vomiting, diarrhea, unstable hind legs, and conjunctivitis. After necropsy examination, the main lesions were found in the lungs, with symmetrical fleshy changes in the heart lobes of the lungs, pulmonary edema, congestion different degrees of diffuse interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary interstitial edema, bleeding points in the lungs, and a layer of diffuse, necrotizing and fermented substance covering the mucosa. The inner wall of the bladder was congested without urine. Combined epipdemiology investigation, clinical diagnosis and result of laboratory detection, the diseas of coinfection with PRRSV, Haemophilus parasuis and E. coli was confirmed. Based on the results of diagnosis and combined with the management of the farm and the degree of mixed infection, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures were formulated, including improving biosafety management, Vaccinations, drug prophylaxis and treatment. The main measures are as follows: Control the movement of people and vehicles, Use disinfectant quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant , etc. to disinfect the pig farm environment, personnel and vehicles. Medications for sick pigs: tilmicosin (1000g/ton feed), amoxicillin (500g/ton feed) and flunixin meglumine (500g/ton feed).Application of PRRSV vaccine to all pigs Through the above comprehensive prevention and control measures, the epidemic was effectively controlled, and the pig farm was stable for the next year without repeated disease. It has been clinically proven that the above prevention and control methods have good protective effects and provide a basis for the prevention and control of clinical infectious diseases.

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