目前化学防治依旧是防治田间有害生物最有效、最便捷的手段，随着农业以及植物保护机械化的发展，农业生产必然朝着高工效、省力化的趋势发展。植保无人机作业是新兴的农业技术之一，节省了大量的劳动力、提高了作业效率和作业者的安全性以及降低了植保成本。但是目前用于植保无人机作业的农药剂型仍然是传统剂型，如乳油、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬浮剂以及可湿性粉剂等，这些剂型在使用无人机作业中防效不佳的情况时有报道。由于这些剂型不能完全满足无人机喷雾的技术要求，因此，急需开发适合于我国航空植保需求的农药剂型产品。在分析研判当前常用农药剂型用于植保无人机作业时经常出现的问题后，我们提出水基化超低容量剂与环保乳油的研发。 1、 水基化超低容量剂的研制 传统超低容量剂主要是油剂，一般直接用于超低容量喷雾，并不需要兑水稀释，但植保无人机作业时的喷雾量高于超低容量喷雾，目前的剂型产品均需要稀释一定倍数后才能喷雾。本研究尝试以水性介质代替油性介质开发一种水基化超低容量剂，该剂型的创新之处是在水乳剂的基础上进行改良研制的。按照水乳剂的质量指标要求对溶剂、表面活性剂和防冻剂等助剂的品种和用量进行筛选。并应用长链醇作为防雾滴挥发的抗挥发剂，经优化筛选得到12 %高效氯氰菊酯∙甲维盐水基化超低容量剂和25 %毒死蜱∙甲维盐水基化超低容量剂的优化配方。12 %高效氯氰菊酯∙甲维盐水基化超低容量剂的配方组成为：高效氯氰菊酯10.5 %、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1.5 %；溶剂：二甲苯10 %、异佛尔酮3 %；表面活性剂：十二烷基苯磺酸钠2.4 %、BY-120 5.6 %；表面活性剂A:0.16 %；防冻剂：丙三醇2 %；抗挥发剂：十六醇2 %；去离子水补足至100 %。25 %毒死蜱∙甲维盐水基化超低容量剂的优化配方为：毒死蜱24 %、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1 %；溶剂：二甲苯10 %、异佛尔酮3 %；表面活性剂：Tween-80 4.5 %、Span-80 % 0.5、600#P 2 %、表面活性剂A 0.24 %；防冻剂：乙二醇2 %；抗挥发剂：十六醇3 %；去离子水补足至100 %。根据优化配方配制的2种产品的各项指标完全符合水乳剂的产品质量标准，并且低倍稀释乳液的稳定性与雾滴的挥发率也符合无人机喷雾作业的技术要求，具有防挥发的特点，适合无人机作业。 2、环保乳油的研制 本研究开展了12 %高效氯氰菊酯∙甲维盐、25 %毒死蜱∙甲维盐环保乳油的研制，通过对溶剂、表面活性剂的品种、比例以及用量的优化筛选，得到了2种混剂产品的环境友好乳油优化配方。12 %高效氯氰菊酯∙甲维盐环境友好乳油的配方为：高效氯氰菊酯10.5 %，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1.5 %，溶剂：环己酮20 %、月桂酸甲脂61 %，表面活性剂：600#磷酸盐1 %、TX-10 4 %、乳化剂500# 2 %。25 %毒死蜱∙甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的优化配方为：毒死蜱24 %，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1 %，溶剂：环己酮20 %、月桂酸甲脂45 %，表面活性剂：TX-10 6 %、乳化剂500# 4 %。根据优化配方制备产品的各项技术指标完全符合我国乳油的质量技术标准。 3、新剂型对玉米黏虫的防效评估 在筛选出优化配方后，对自制产品进行了无人机防治玉米粘虫的田间药效试验，以评估无人机施药条件下同配比混剂不同剂型产品的防效差异。对2种增效配方的2种不同剂型以及不同含量的制剂产品防治东北一代玉米粘虫幼虫的防效进行评估。田间防效数据的方差分析表明，毒死蜱∙甲维盐增效配方的2种不同剂型产品（水基化超低容量剂和微乳剂）的防效均显著高于对照药剂（康宽），康宽的防效又显著高于高氯∙甲维盐增效配方的2种剂型产品。2种不同剂型（水基化超低容量剂与微乳剂）的防效没有显著差异。

At present,chemical control is still the most effective and convinent measure to prevent the harmful agriculture pests in the filed.With the development of agriculture and plant protection mechanization,agricultural production is developing to the new aspect which is high-effiency and energy-saving.The use of drone is one of the emerging agricultural technologies and further development of mechanized plant protect,which can save labor,improve efficiency,compromise safety of operators and reduce the cost of plant protection.But,the drone spraying pesticide still used traditional formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates、micro-emulsion、emulsion oil in water、suspensions and weetble powders,and the report of using these traditional formulations having poor control have been reported.Because these forms cannot fully meet the technical requirements of drone spray,developping pesticide products for crop protection suited to China'' s aviation demand is in urgent.After analyzing and judging the problems of the commonly-used pesticide formulations.We have proposed the development of water-based ultra-low volume and environmental friendly emulsifying concentration 1、The development of water-based ultra-low volume. The traditional formulations of ultra-low volume mainly are oil solution of pesticide,They are generally used directly for ultra-low volume spray,they do not need to be diluted with water.However the spray volume for drone operation is higher than that for ultra-low volume spray.Current formulations need to be diluted a certain number of times for sparying.This study attempts to develop the water-based ultra-low volume formulations to replace the organic solvent with water,and this formulation developed based on the emulsion in water.According to the requirements of quality test of water emulsions,the appearance of the formulations、the varieties and proportions of solvent、surfactant and consurfactant were optimized.Especially the long-chain alcohol which can prevent droplets'' volatilization.After the optimization,finally we got the formulas:12 % beta-cypermethrin∙ emamectin benzoate water-based ultra-low volume and 25 % chlorpyrifos ∙ emamectin benzoate water-based ultra-low volume.The formula composition of 12 % beta-cypermethrin∙ emamectin benzoate water-based ultra-low volume: beta-cypermethrin 10.5 %,emamectin benzoate 1.5 %; solvent:xylene solvent 10 %,isophorone 3 %;surfactant:SDBS 2.4 %,BY-120 5.6 %,surfactant A:0.16 %;antifreeze:glycerol 2 %; anti-optimized:sixteen alcohol 2 %;deionized water was added to 100 %.The formula composition of 25 % chlorpyrifos∙emamectin benzoate water-based ultra-low volume: chlorpyrifos 24 %,emamectin benzoate 1 %; solvent : xylene solvent 10 %,isophorone 3 %; surfactant: Tween-80 4.5 %,Span-80 % 0.5,600#P 2 %,surfactant A 0.24 %; antifreeze: ethylene glycol 2 %; anti-optimized:sixteen alcohol 3 %;deionized water was added to 100 %.The all results meet the quality standards of micro-emulsion.Low dilution emulsion stability qualified,and emulsion volatilization rate are suitable for drone operation. 2、The development of environmental friendly emulsifying concentration This study develops the 12 % beta-cypermethrin∙emamectin benzoate、25 % chlorpyrifos∙emamectin benzoate environmental friendly EC,Through optimization and screening of solvents、surfactants,we obtain two kinds of eco-friendly optimized formula.The formula composition of 12 % beta-cypermethrin∙ emamectin benzoate environmental friendly EC: beta-cypermethrin 10.5 %, emamectin benzoate 1.5 %; solvent: cyclohexanone 20 %, methyl laurate 61 %; surfactant: 600# P 1 %, TX-10 4 %,500# 2 %. The formula composition of 25 % chlorpyrifos ∙ emamectin environmental friendly EC: chlorpyrifos 24 %,emamectin benzoate 1 %; solvent: cyclohexanone 20 %,methyl laurate 45 %; Surfactant:TX-10 6 %,500# 4 %. 3、Field evaluation of new formulated productions on Mythimna separate of maize The filed efficacy test of the trial products against the Mythimna separate of maize by the drone is conducted to evaluate the differences in efficacy of the different formulations of same ratio mixed formulations under the dredger application conditions,after doing the quality test of the trial products.Two different formulations of two synergistic formulas and different percentage of the formulations were used to evaluate the control effect of Mythimna separate of maize.Analysis of variance in field control date shows that the efficacy of two differentformulations of the chlorpyrifos∙emamectin benzoate synergetic formulation(water-based ultra-low volume agents and micro-emulsions) are significantly higher than Kang Kuan.The Kang Kuan control efficacy is significantly higher than that of the two formulations of the beta-cypermethrin∙emamectin benzoate.There are no significant differences in the control efficacy of two different formulations(water-based ultra-low volume agents and micro-emulsions).