花生不仅是我国重要的油料及经济作物，也是我国主要的出口创汇农作物，近些年我国国民的生活质量不断提高，消费者对食用花生的品质需求及安全性也有了更高标准。叶面施肥较传统施肥手段相比，具备用量少、针对性高、养分利用率高以及对环境污染小等诸多优势，在现代农业的高速发展中占据重要地位。

本试验从盆栽实验、大田试验两个方面展开，以南京农业大学自制的营养液做叶面试剂喷施，参考前人研究确定喷施浓度，通过试验分析各不同叶面肥对花生的产量及品质的影响，以实现花生提质增效、节本增收的目的，并为花生的优质高产提供技术规程及物化产品。主要研究结果如下：

1.通过盆栽实验可知，与喷施清水相比，喷施自制叶面肥增加了花生开花下针期的分枝数与茎部生物量。提升了结荚期的茎粗与全生育期的株高、侧枝长与叶部生物量，同时提升了花生结荚期、饱果成熟期的果针数，提高了结实率。该处理下花生植株中后期氮磷钾累积量也较高，促进了花生全生育期中钙的吸收利用的同时也提高了苗期与开花下针期镁的吸收利用。结合各项指标，喷施自制叶面肥对花生生长与养分利用效率较好。

2.相比喷施清水处理，自制肥处理下花生光合效率及各项品质均有较优表现，喷施自制叶面试剂可促使花生功能叶增大变绿，提高SPAD值，扩大了光合面积，同时提高光合效率，利于植株中糖的累积，显著促进了整株包括荚果的淀粉含量。较喷施清水处理相比，自制肥喷施处理籽仁的淀粉与粗脂肪含量较高，在营养品质上表现优秀，且喷施自制肥处理下亩产及各项产量构成因素均高于市面商品肥处理。综合考量，自制肥的施用可促进花生光合效率及同化物合成。并且在保障花生产量条件下，使籽仁品质拥有较优表现。

3.通过大田试验可得：相比喷清水处理，喷施叶面肥C处理对花生的株高、茎粗及分枝数起到正向作用，增加了叶面积指数与SPAD值，提升了各生育时期的茎、叶生物量。叶面肥C显著促进了籽仁中氮、磷、钾累积量，同时显著促进了茎、叶中Mg浓度与叶、荚果中Ca浓度。叶面肥C与喷施清水处理比较，显著提升了籽仁含油率、蛋白质及油酸含量，且单位面积产量最高，经济效益大幅提升。综合各项指标，花生种植中于关键时期喷施叶面肥C可改善花生籽粒品质，增强营养价值，提升贮藏时间及经济价值。

综上所述，本研究结果发现，盆栽试验中所使用的自制花生专用套餐肥和大田栽培试验所应用的自制专用花生套餐叶面肥C与喷施清水CK相比，既保证了花生品质与产量，又提升了经济效益，利于从叶面输送养分调控植株养分平衡，为科学精准施肥提供依据。

Peanut is not only an important oil and economic crop in China, but also a major export crop in China. With the continuous improvement of national quality of life, consumers have higher standards for the quality and safety of peanuts. Comparedwith traditional fertilization methods, foliar fertilization has many advantages such as less dosage, high pertinence, high nutrient utilization rate and less environmental pollution. It is an important fertilization method in the rapid development of modern agriculture.

This experiment was carried out from two aspects of pot experiment and field experiment. The self-made nutrient solution of Nanjing Agricultural University was used as foliar reagent spraying. The spraying concentration was determined based on previous studies. The effects of different foliar fertilizers on the yield and quality of peanuts were analyzed through experiments. In order to achieve the purpose of improving peanut quality and efficiency, saving cost and increasing income, and provide technical regulations and physicochemical products for high quality and high yield of peanuts. The main results are as follows :

1.Pot experiments showed that compared with spraying water, spraying self-made foliar fertilizer increased the number of branches and stem biomass of peanut at flowering and pegging stage. It increased the stem diameter at the podding stage and the plant height, lateral branch length and leaf biomass during the whole growth period. At the same time, it increased the number of fruit needles at the podding stage and the full fruit maturity stage, and increased the seed setting rate. Under this treatment, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the middle and late stages of peanut plants was also high, which promoted the absorption and utilization of calcium in the whole growth period of peanut, and also improved the absorption and utilization of magnesium in the seedling stage and flowering stage. Combined with various indicators, spraying self-made foliar fertilizer on peanut growth and nutrient utilization efficiency was better.

2.Compared with spraying water treatment, the photosynthetic efficiency and various qualities of peanut under the treatment of self-made fertilizer have better performance. Spraying self-made fertilizer can make peanut leaves larger and greener, increase chlorophyll content, expand its photosynthetic area, improve photosynthetic efficiency, facilitate the accumulation of sugar in plants, and significantly promote the starch content of the whole plant including pods. Compared with spraying water treatment, the starch and crude fat content of self-made fertilizer spraying treatment was higher, and the nutritional quality was excellent. The yield and yield components under spraying self-made fertilizer treatment were higher than those under market fertilizer treatment. Comprehensive consideration, the application of self-made fertilizer can promote the photosynthetic efficiency and assimilate synthesis of peanut. And under the condition of ensuring peanut yield, the quality of seed kernel has better performance.

3.Through field experiments, it can be concluded that compared with spraying water treatment, spraying foliar fertilizer C treatment has a positive effect on plant height, stem diameter and branch number of peanuts, increases leaf area index and SPAD value, and improves stem and leaf biomass in each growth period. Foliar fertilizer C significantly promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in kernels, and significantly promoted the concentration of Mg in stems and leaves and the concentration of Ca in leaves and pods. Compared with spraying water treatment, foliar fertilizer C significantly increased the oil content, protein and oleic acid content of kernel, and the yield per unit area was the highest, and the economic benefit was greatly improved. Comprehensive indicators, peanut planting in the critical period of spraying foliar fertilizer C can improve the quality of peanut seeds, enhance nutritional value, improve storage time and economic value.

In summary, the results of this study found that the self-made peanut special package fertilizer used in the pot experiment and the self-made peanut special package foliar fertilizer C applied in the field cultivation experiment were compared with the spraying water CK, which not only ensured the quality and yield of peanuts, but also improved the economic benefits. It is beneficial to transport nutrients from the leaves to regulate the nutrient balance of plants and provide a basis for scientific and accurate fertilization.

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