菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium）系菊科菊属植物，是我国传统名花和世界重要切花之一。菊花遗传背景狭窄，耐旱性普遍较弱，因此干旱是影响菊花高效生产的主要非生物限制因子。我国是菊属植物的分布中心，菊花野生近缘种在长期进化过程中形成了较强耐旱等抗逆性，这些近缘野生资源的挖掘和有效利用将有助于菊花抗逆性状的遗传改良，为菊花抗性新品种培育开辟新途径。目前，关于菊花野生近缘种的遗传多样性评价和耐旱性鉴定的报道较少。本研究利用形态性状和SRAP分子标记调查了37个菊属植物的遗传多样性，构建了DNA指纹图谱，通过盆栽模拟干旱处理和主成分分析、隶属函数值分析等方法评价了菊属植物的耐旱性，筛选出部分耐旱种质，为后续菊属植物种质资源利用和菊花耐旱性遗传改良等研究提供依据。主要研究结果如下：

1. 37份菊属植物的叶片、茎以及花序形态变异丰富，变异系数在21.31% - 193.46%之间，其中叶正面绒毛和花色的变异系数较大，而叶长、叶宽、萼片长、萼片宽和盘花径的变异系数相对较小。对20个表型性状进行主成分分析提取出6个主成分，累积贡献率为81.22%。基于形态指标的聚类分析可将37份菊属材料分为三大类，与传统分类方法基本吻合，表明本研究所涉及的性状指标可以作为菊属系统发生关系研究的有效辅助指标。

2. 28对多态性SRAP引物组合在37份菊属材料共扩增出404个位点，其中多态性位点376个，多态性比例为93.07%，平均每对引物组合检测多态性位点13.42个；遗传相似系数变化范围为0.52 - 0.99，平均值为0.66，说明37份菊属材料间存在较丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析在遗传相似系数为0.56时可将37份菊属材料分为4大类。利用核心引物组合Me21/Em4构建了37份菊属材料的DNA数字指纹图谱，该图谱可鉴别全部37份菊属植物种质资源。相关结果为今后菊属植物种质鉴定、评价和创新利用提供了重要依据。

3. 干旱胁迫下37份菊属材料的数量性状表现差异较大，变异系数在16.67% - 76.47%之间。主成分分析提取出3个主成分可以解释84.08%的表型变异，其中地上鲜重、地上干重、株高、萎蔫指数、鲜重根冠比和干重根冠比的权重比较大，说明与耐旱性密切相关。基于耐旱相关指标平均隶属函数值的聚类分析将供试材料分为强耐旱、耐旱、低耐旱和不耐旱4类，平均隶属函数值依次为0.50、0.38、0.28和0.23，其中耐旱性最强的是云台山野菊（0.67），耐旱性最差的是泉水野菊（0.19）。挖掘出的耐旱种质为菊花耐旱性遗传改良提供重要亲本材料。

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a famous traditional flower in China and one of the important cut flowers in the world. Drought is the main abiotic limiting factor that affects the efficient production of chrysanthemum because of the narrow genetic background and weak drought resistance. China is the distribution center of chrysanthemum, and the wild Chrysanthemum species have formed strong drought resistance and other stress resistance in the long-term evolution process. The exploitation and effective utilization of these resources will contribute to the genetic improvement of the stress resistance characters of chrysanthemum, and open up a new way for the development of new resistant varieties of chrysanthemum. At present, there are few reports on genetic diversity evaluation and drought resistance identification of wild Chrysanthemum species. This study investigated the genetic diversity and constructed DNA fingerprinting of 37 Chrysanthemum accessions by using the morphological characters and SRAP markers. Drought resistance of Chrysanthemum species was evaluated by simulated drought treatment, principal component analysis, and subordinate function analysis, and some drought-resistant germplasm were screened out, which provided the basis for the subsequent innovative utilization of germplasm resources and genetic improvement of chrysanthemum targeting drought resistance. The main results are as follows:

1. The total coefficient of variation was between 21.31% and 193.46%, of which the difference in frontal-leaf villi and flower color were particularly obvious, while the coefficients of variation of leaf length, leaf width, sepal length, sepal width and disc-floret diameter were relatively small. Six principal components were extracted by principal component analysis of 20 phenotypic traits, and the cumulative contribution rate was 81.22%. The morphological index based cluster analysis divided 37 Chrysanthemum accessions into three categories, which is basically consistent with the traditional classification method, indicating that the trait index involved in this study can be used as an effective auxiliary index for the study of the phylogenetic relationship of Chrysanthemum species.

2. A total of 404 bands were amplified from 28 pairs of polymorphic SRAP primers in 37 Chrysanthemum accessions, 376 of which were polymorphic, with a polymorphism ratio of 93.07%. On average, 13.42 polymorphic bands were detected for each pair of primers. The variation range of genetic similarity coefficient was 0.52-0.99, and the average value was 0.66, indicating that there was abundant genetic diversity among 37 Chrysanthemum accessions. When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.56, the UPGMA cluster analysis divided 37 Chrysanthemum accessions into 4 categories. The core primer combination Me21/Em4 was used to construct DNA digital fingerprint, which could identify all 37 Chrysanthemum germplasm resources. These results provide important basis for germplasm identification, evaluation and innovation in Chrysanthemum  in the future.

3. The drought tolerance of different Chrysanthemum accessions was significantly different, and the total coefficient of variation ranged between 16.67% - 76.47%. Among the 9 drought tolerance traits, shoot weight, root dry weight, plant height, wilting index, fresh root-shoot ratio and dry weight root-shoot ratio were more closely related to drought tolerance. The analysis based on the average membership function values of drought tolerance-related indicators divided the test materials into 4 categories: strong drought resistance (0.50), drought resistance (0.38), low drought resistance (0.28) and no drought resistance (0.23). Among them, Chrysanthemum indicum Yuntaishan chrysanthemum has the strongest drought tolerance (0.67), and Chrysanthemum indicum Quanshui chrysanthemum has the weakest drought tolerance (0.19). The accessions with strong drought tolerance could be used as candidate parental materials in future crossbreeding researches.

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