肌醇属维生素产品，广泛存在于各种天然动物、植物及微生物组织中。肌醇主要应用于医药、食品、饲料、日化等行业，是一种高附加值的精细化工原料。近年来该产品由于一些新用途的不断开发而成为国际市场上紧俏的化工商品之一。本研究以自育南瓜品种－锦绣为材料，对其生长发育过程中营养物质和肌醇的动态变化趋势进行了分析，对溶剂法、微波法和超声波法等肌醇粗提法提取效果进行了对比，以确定最佳粗提工艺。在提纯过程中，经由传统的沉淀法和大孔吸附树脂提纯，高效液相色谱分段收集，制备得到肌醇样品。通过薄层层析色谱、特征扫描、示差折光高效液相色谱、红外光谱、质谱对所制备的肌醇特性进行了研究，本研究将对南瓜中肌醇的深加工和综合利用提供理论依据和实践指导。主要结果如下： 1．对南瓜果实在不同发育时期和采摘后的储藏期间，其中一些营养成份和肌醇的含量变化进行研究，结果表明：水分、粗纤维、总酸、Vc、β-胡萝卜素以及氨基酸等在南瓜发育到35 d～40 d期间处于积累期，均没有达到峰值。南瓜多糖、还原糖和蛋白质南瓜授粉后第35 d其含量分别为453.95 mg/g、188.20 mg/g、59.32 mg/g，处于积累上升期，因此这个时间比较适合作为提取肌醇用的南瓜采摘期，可减少营养物质对后期肌醇提取纯化的影响。 对授粉后20 d～65 d发育期间的南瓜，以及储藏15 d期间的南瓜中肌醇含量的变化进行研究，研究表明：南瓜授粉后35 d肌醇达到峰值13.04 mg/g，在授粉后65 d采摘时仅剩6.69 mg/g，肌醇含量变化相差近一倍，所以南瓜发育过程中肌醇含量的变化明显，并对后期的提取量影响显著。 2．在对肌醇粗提实验中，对比了溶剂法、微波法、超声波法三种方法对肌醇提取率的影响。溶剂法提取南瓜肌醇的优化实验中，得出的最佳工艺参数为：选择乙醇作为提取溶剂，温度为50 ℃，料液比为1:40 g/mL，提取时间为2 h，提取级数为2级，得到最高肌醇提取率为63.76 %。 微波法提取南瓜肌醇的优化实验，正交实验研究表明，最佳提取条件为：微波频率为中火，时间为35 s，乙醇浓度为65 %，料液比为1:20 g/mL。通过方差分析发现时间和温度对实验结果的影响是显著的。在此提取条件下，南瓜肌醇的最大提取率为67.64 %。 超声波法最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度为50 %，料液比1:15 g/mL，超声波作用时间为60 min，提取温度为70 ℃。从肌醇提取率比较，超声波法提取效果最佳，提取率可达71.58 %。 3．对比了三种蛋白酶的用量及处理时间对除蛋白效果的影响，并与Sevage法除蛋白的效果进行对比，研究表明利用中性蛋白酶除蛋白为最佳除蛋白方法，除蛋白后肌醇最高提取率达到76.51 %；中性蛋白酶除蛋白的最佳作用时间为4 h，温度45 ℃，用量为2 U/mg。 针对活性炭脱色的条件，选择均匀实验作为优化实验方法。根据回归方程，参数优化后确定：即活性炭用量为4.5 %，温度为60 ℃，时间为30 min为最佳脱色条件。 在沉淀多糖方面选择以乙醇:丙酮=3:1、提取液:沉淀剂=1:4效果最好，沉淀后多糖含量仅为4.82 %。 考察了大孔吸附树脂对纯化的影响，优化了其提取条件，得出：洗脱剂流量为4 BV/h，乙醇浓度为85 %，洗脱次数为7次，达到的最高提取率为90.23 %，大孔树脂易于操作，去除杂质效率高，在分离纯化南瓜肌醇方法中具有一定的推广价值。 4．经过超声波提取，纯化后的肌醇其理化性质：颜色、溶解性、熔点、相对密度、水分和一些盐类的测定分析，指标均符合《中华人民共和国药典》中关于肌醇的质量标准。 定性分析：经过薄层层析色谱和特征扫描光谱分析，在与标样的对比后，确定了南瓜中提取的肌醇与标准肌醇的性质相同。示差折光高效液相色谱分析，肌醇标样出峰时间为9.528 min与样品出峰时间9.676 min相近，并排除了葡萄糖等杂质的影响。确定了由南瓜中提取的肌醇符合《中华人民共和国药典》质量标准。 通过质谱分析，确定肌醇的分子量为180。肌醇标样与样品经红外光谱分析，匹配度达到93.45 %。

Inositol is a kind of Vitamin, and widely exists in the tissue of natural animals, plants and microorganisms. Inositol is a kind of high additional value fine chemical materials which is used widely in some industry including medicine, food, feedstuff and daily chemical, etc. It becomes a kind of popular chemical industry commodity recently until some new applications of inositol are developed. On material of a self educating pumpkin, the author analyzes the dynamic change trend of nutrition and inositol during the growth of pumpkin. During the rough extracting, the research compares the effect of solvent method, microwave method and ultrasonic method. Purified on use of precipitation method and macroporous adsorption resin, and after the separation and collection through HPLC, the author analyzes its properties through its characters, thin-layer chromatography, feature scanning, Refractive Index HPLC, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The author provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance with a view of inositol utilization of deep processing in the pumpkin. The main results are as follows: Based on pumpkin fruits in different developmental stages and the storage time after harvesting, a number of components and changes in inositol, the development and accumulated trends of moisture, crude fiber, total acid, Vc, β-carotene, as well as amino acids is different from the number of inositol. The author thinks that the best time to extracting inositol is 35 d～40 d after eliminating the interference of such factors. Study on the dynamic follow up to the polysaccharide, reducing sugars and proteins in the pumpkin to determine the changes of its content, the number of its content which accumulated during the rising period is respectively 453.95 mg/g、188.20 mg/g、59.32 mg/g in the 35 th Day but the content does not reach the peak. The author thinks that the time is appropriate for lessening the effect of extracting Inositol. The changes of contents of inositol during the plucking from 20 d to 65 d after pollination and later storage stage for 15 d, it determines that inositol reached the peak of 13.04 mg/g in the 35 th day and only 6.69 mg/g in the 65 th day for plucking. The author thinks that the change of its content of inositol is the significant effect factor for extracting rate during the growth. During the rough extracting, the paper compared with solvent method, microwave method and ultrasonic method for the influence of the rate of extracting inositol. During the optimized experiment of extracting inositol in pumpkin with the solvent method, the author makes a conclusion on optimum parameter: ethanol was the extracting solvent, the temperature was 50 ℃, liquid to solid ratio was 1:40 g/mL, the time was 2 h, the extraction stage was 2, the maximum extracting rate was 63.76 %. During the optimized experiment of extracting inositol in pumpkin with the microwave method, the author makes a conclusion on optimum parameter: the microwave frequency was middle, the time is 35 s, the ethanol concentration was 65 %, liquid to solid ratio was 1:20 g/mL, the maximum of extracting ratio was 67.64 %. The results of variance analysis showed that the time and temperature are the significant factors. The optimum qualification with ultrasonic method: the ethanol concentration was 50 %, liquid to solid ratio was 1:15 g/mL, the time is 60 min, the temperature was 70 ℃, the maximum of extracting ratio was 71.58 %. Compared with the three methods, the method of the best extracting effect is ultrasonic method. Compare the effect of three kinds protease's quantity and processing period to protein with the impact of using Sevage method to dispel protein, neutral protease is the best material to dispel protein which its extract rate could reach to 76.51 %, the optimal processing period, temperature and quantity are 4 hours, 45 degrees and 2 U respectively. In accord with the conditions of activated charcoal decoloration, equality experiment is the best choice. According to the regression equation and parameter selection, the optimal extract conditions include the quantity of activated charcoal is 4.5 %, the experiment temperature is 60 degrees and its processing period is 30 min. In order to get the best effect of precipitate polysaccharide, the proportion of ethanol and acetone should be 3:1 and the proportion of extract liquid and precipitant should be 1:5, after taking this experiment method, the polysaccharide content is only 4.82 %. Inspect the macroporous adsorption resin purification effect on purification and optimal its extract conditions, the highest extract rate is 90.23 % which its experiment conditions require the eluent flow rate should be 4 BV/h, the concentration of ethanol should be 85 % and 7 times of elution. The macroporous adsorption resin purification is easy to operate and its high impurity elimination rate which possess a certain value of promotion in isolation and purification of pumpkin inositol. According to the analysis of color, solubility, melting point, relative density, water and some naphthenates of physicochemical properties in inositol which is extracted through ultrasound and its purification material, the indexes are comply with the quality standard on inositol in PRC Codex. Qualitative Analysis determined the character of inositol which used the Thin Layer Chromatography and Chromatogram and characteristics of scanning spectra after comparison with standard sample and the contents of inositol through the standard curve. Through the analysis with Refractive Index HPLC, the peak flowing out is 9.528 min with comparison with standard sample of inositol is 9.676 min and the sample under eliminating the effect of the impurity including glucose. The results showed that inositol extracted from the pumpkin accord with the quality standard. Through the analysis with infrared Spectrum and mass spectrometry, the results showed that the inositol molecular weight is 180 and molecular structure is the same with standard inositol.