中文题名: | 流动水辅助超快激光加工微槽工艺研究 |
姓名: | |
学号: | 2022812075 |
保密级别: | 公开 |
论文语种: | chi |
学科代码: | 085500 |
学科名称: | 工学 - 机械 |
学生类型: | 硕士 |
学位: | 机械硕士 |
学校: | 南京农业大学 |
院系: | |
专业: | |
研究方向: | 激光微细加工 |
第一导师姓名: | |
第一导师单位: | |
完成日期: | 2024-06-05 |
答辩日期: | 2024-06-05 |
外文题名: | Flow Water-Assisted Ultrafast Laser Processing Of Microgroove Process Research |
中文关键词: | |
外文关键词: | Ultrafast laser ; Protective film ; Flowing water layer ; Flowing water auxiliary processing ; Microgroove processing |
中文摘要: |
微槽结构作为微型结构基本单元具有存储润滑剂、增大散热面积以及减少阻力等 多个功能,但是由于微槽加工尺寸小、精度要求高导致加工难度大,尤其是对所加工 的微槽的深宽比要求较高时传统加工方法无法满足其加工要求。由于飞秒激光加工具 备高精度以及冷加工的特点,在微槽加工领域有着广泛应用。但是传统的飞秒激光加 工会存在微裂纹和重铸层严重等问题,无法实现高深宽比微槽结构的加工。水辅助激 光加工技术巧妙地结合了水的冲刷与冷却作用,以及水与材料或激光间产生的复杂化 学物理效应,从而显著提升了加工质量。相较于传统的激光加工技术,该技术更易于 实现高质量且高深宽比的微槽结构加工。然而,水的引入也不可避免地带来了挑战, 如产生大量气泡和加工碎屑悬浮在工件上方,这些因素均会对激光在水下的传输造成 干扰,进而降低加工效果和效率。为了有效的去除水辅助激光加工过程中产生的加工 碎屑和气泡,提高加工效率,本文将采用流动水层来替代水辅助激光加工中的静止水 层。首先对流动水辅助激光加工材料的去除过程进行了分析,为后续试验研究提供理 论依据。在此基础上搭建了流动水层辅助加工装置,分别通过直写和流动水辅助加工 的方式对 304 不锈钢进行微槽加工单因素试验,分析了激光参数对加工结果的影响, 为高深宽比微槽结构的加工找到较优的加工方式和工艺参数。其次,研究了水层特性 对加工结果的影响,为高深宽比微槽结构的加工找到较优的水层参数。根据加工结果 中出现流动水辅助条件下可以获得高深宽比的微槽结构但同时也会导致加工表面质 量变差的问题,本文提出一种技术方法,旨在通过在工件表面覆盖一层保护膜,从而 显著提升其表面质量。最后为了证明流动水辅助激光加工微槽的应用前景,在不锈钢 表面进行了一些典型微结构的加工。本文的主要研究内容如下: (1) 探讨了激光烧蚀水下材料的作用机理以及存在的物理现象,分析了激光击穿 液体以及激光去除材料的机理、激光在水中的聚焦以及传输特性、激光击穿水对物质 产生的空化和冲击作用,为后续试验研究提供理论依据。在此基础上完成了水辅助设 备的设计和搭建,实现流动水层的引入。 (2) 对比研究激光直写与流动水辅助激光加工对 304 不锈钢的加工效果,以此来 验证流动水辅助激光加工技术在高深宽比微槽加工方面的优势。同时,在直写和流动 水辅助的环境下,以单脉冲能量、脉冲重复频率以及扫描速度为变量进行微槽加工的 单因素试验,通过对比微槽的宽度、深度、深宽比以及材料去除率分析了不同工艺参
数、不同环境对微槽加工结果的影响规律,为高深宽比微槽结构的加工找到较优的加 工方式和工艺参数。其次以改变水层厚度以及水层流动方向与加工方向的夹角为变量 进行微槽加工试验研究,通过对结果的分析探究水层特性对水辅助微槽加工结果的影 响,从而得到较优的水层参数,进一步提高所加工的微槽的深宽比。 (3) 分析了流动水辅助激光加工和激光直写环境下微槽表面质量的差异,针对水 层引入可以提高微槽加工深宽比但同时也会导致表面质量变差这一现象,本文提出一 种技术方法,旨在通过在工件表面覆盖一层保护膜,从而显著提升其表面质量。本文 通过采用不同种类和不同厚度的保护膜探究了保护膜对流动水辅助激光加工微槽结 果产生的影响,选出合适的保护膜对工件进保护,从而实现流动水辅助激光加工微槽 在达到较高的深宽比的同时又可以具备较好的表面质量。 (4) 利用流动水辅助激光加工技术在304 不锈钢表面加工微网格结构、微方坑结 构以及微圆环结构。根据第三章试验结果,选取合适的激光工艺参数和水层参数来实 现这三种典型微结构的加工,从而使得加工出的三种微结构的通道都具有较高深宽比。 此外采用覆膜的方法来优化表面质量,在工件表面覆盖铜箔保护膜的同时增加加工次 数,从而在优化表面质量的同时保证微通道深宽比不变。 |
外文摘要: |
As the basic unit of microstructure, microgroove structure has many functions such as storing lubricant, increasing heat dissipation area and reducing resistance, etc. However, due to the small size of microgroove machining and the high precision requirement, it is difficult to process, especially when the depth-to-width ratio of microgroove machining is high, the traditional machining method can not meet the machining requirements. Femtosecond laser processing is widely used in the field of microgroove processing due to its high precision and cold processing characteristics. However, the traditional femtosecond laser processing has problems such as microcracks and serious recast layer, which makes it impossible to realise the processing of microgroove structures with high depth-to-width ratios. Water-assisted laser processing technology cleverly combines the washing and cooling effect of water, as well as the complex chemical-physical effects between water and material or laser, thus significantly improving the processing quality. This makes it easier to achieve high-quality micro-groove structures with high depth-to-width ratios than with conventional laser processing. However, the introduction of water inevitably poses challenges, such as the generation of large amounts of air bubbles and the suspension of machining debris above the workpiece, all of which can interfere with the laser's transmission underwater, thus reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of the process. In order to effectively remove the processing debris and air bubbles generated during water-assisted laser processing, and to improve processing efficiency, this paper will use the flowing water layer to replace the static water layer in water-assisted laser processing. First of all, the removal process of the material of the flowing water-assisted laser processing was analysed to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent experimental research. A flowing water layer-assisted processing device was built, and a one-factor test of microgroove machining was carried out on 304 stainless steel by direct writing and flowing water-assisted machining, respectively, to analyse the influence of laser parameters on the machining results, and to find a more optimal machining method and process parameters for the machining of microgroove structures with high depth-to-width ratios. Secondly, the
effect of water layer characteristics on the machining results was investigated, and optimal water layer parameters were found for the machining of high depth-to-width ratio micro-groove structures. According to the processing results of the flowing water-assisted conditions can be obtained under the conditions of high depth to width ratio of micro-groove structure but at the same time will lead to the deterioration of the processing of the surface quality of the problem, this paper puts forward in the surface of the workpiece coated with a layer of protective film to improve the surface quality of the method. Finally, in order to prove the application prospect of flowing water-assisted laser processing of micro-groove, some typical micro-structures are processed on the surface of stainless steel. The main research content of this paper is as follows: (1) Discussed the mechanism of laser ablation of underwater materials and the physical phenomena present, analysed the mechanism of laser penetration of liquid and laser removal of materials, the focusing and transmission characteristics of laser in water, and the cavitation and impact effect on materials produced by laser penetration of water to provide theoretical basis for the subsequent experimental research. Completed the design and construction of the water auxiliary equipment to realise the introduction of the flowing water layer. (2) A comparative study of the effects of laser direct writing and flowing water-assisted laser processing on 304 stainless steel was carried out as a means of verifying the advantages of water-assisted laser processing technology in high depth-to-width ratio microgroove processing. At the same time, in the direct writing and flowing water-assisted environment, single pulse energy, pulse repetition frequency and scanning speed as variables for micro-groove processing of one-factor test, through the comparison of micro-groove width, depth, depth-to-width ratio, and the material removal rate of the micro-groove analyses of the influence of different process parameters, different environments on the micro-groove machining results of the law, for the processing of micro-groove structure of the high depth-to-width ratio of the optimal processing method and process parameters. Secondly, the experimental study of microgroove machining was carried out by changing the thickness of the water layer and the angle between the flow direction of the water layer and the machining direction, and the results were analysed to investigate the influence of the characteristics of the water layer on the machining results of the water-assisted microgroove, so as to obtain the optimal parameters of the water layer, and to further improve the depth-to-width ratio of the microgroove machined.
(3) The difference of surface quality of micro-groove in the environment of water-assisted laser machining and laser direct writing is analyzed. Given that water introduction enhances depth-to-width ratio but may compromise surface quality, a protective film covering method is proposed. This paper explores the effects of various film types and thicknesses on WALM outcomes, selecting suitable films to optimize depth-to-width ratio and surface quality. (4) The microgrid structure, the micro square pit structure and the micro circular structure were machined on the surface of 304 stainless steel using the flowing water assisted laser machining technique. According to the experimental results in Chapter 3, suitable laser process parameters and water layer parameters were selected to realise the processing of these three typical microstructures, which resulted in high depth-to-width ratios of the processed channels of the three microstructures. In addition, the surface quality is optimised by laminating, and the number of machining times is increased by covering the surface of the workpiece with a copper protective film, which ensures that the depth-to-width ratio of the microchannels remains unchanged while optimising the surface quality. |
中图分类号: | TN2 |
开放日期: | 2024-06-18 |