当前，食物浪费已成为了一个日益严峻且不容忽视的全球性问题。作为其中的一个重要组成部分，家庭食物浪费也逐渐引发了社会各界的广泛关注。在许多家庭中，食物浪费往往源于消费者丢弃了本可以安全食用的食物，这样的现象不仅浪费营养资源，还影响了环境和社会的可持续发展。预包装食品的日期标签很大程度上影响着消费者对于食物是否能够食用的判断，而在中国，长期有大量预包装食物因消费者误解它的日期标签含义而被丢弃。为了减少家庭层面的食物浪费，本研究聚焦于日期标签这一关键因素，深入探讨它对家庭消费者处理过期食物行为的影响。

本研究通过网络问卷调查的形式，设计Vignette实验，以18岁以上的中国家庭主要食品购物者为研究对象，使用描述性统计、方差分析以及建立有序Logit回归模型等实证方法，探究在不同的日期标签过期时间和格式类型的场景设置下，中国家庭消费者对具有不同保质期长度与健康属性的过期食物的处理决策并进行比较，分析了消费者对日期标签制度的了解程度和人口统计学因素在这一过程中发挥的作用，以剖析日期标签对家庭预包装食品处理行为的影响机制。在此基础上，本研究向受访者提供中国食品日期标签定义的相关信息，以此来观察信息干预能否对消费者处理过期食物的行为产生积极的影响，从而有效减少家庭丢弃可食用的预包装食品的现象。

通过实证分析，本研究发现日期标签的过期时间与格式类型会显著影响消费者对过期食物的食用意愿，其中食品过期的时长与消费者对它的食用意愿呈现明显的负相关，即过期时间越长，消费者越不能接受食品；同时，使用间接形式（提供生产日期和保质期）日期标签的过期生鲜食品也比使用直接形式（提供到期时间）日期标签的同类食品更容易被消费者接受并食用。在相同情况下消费者对不同类型过期食品的接受程度也存在差异，即消费者更愿意食用保质期较长且健康的预包装食品。多数消费者对中国现行日期标签制度的了解不足，这导致他们面对过期食物时更容易选择丢弃而非食用，造成了不必要的食物浪费。但通过信息干预提高消费者对日期标签的了解能显著增加他们对各类过期预包装食品的食用可能性，从而减少家庭消费者盲目丢弃过期食品的情况。基于上述研究结果，本研究认为，相关政府部门应出台更为明确的日期标签规定和统一的保质期时间界定方式，减少消费者对日期标签的误解以及与生产商在食品安全质量方面的不必要矛盾；此外，社会各界也有责任通过社交媒体传播短视频、线下教育科普活动、设置商店告示牌等方式提高消费者对日期标签的认知水平，引导他们更理性地处理预包装食品，从而有效地减少家庭层面的食物浪费，为社会的可持续发展贡献力量。

Currently, food waste has become an increasingly severe and undeniable global issue. As an important part of it, household food waste has gradually attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. In many households, food waste often stems from consumers discarding food that could have been safely consumed. Such a phenomenon not only wastes nutritional resources but also affects the sustainable development of the environment and society. The date labels on pre-packaged food significantly influence consumers' judgments about whether the food is edible or not. In China, a large amount of pre-packaged food has long been discarded due to consumers' misunderstanding of the meaning of their date labels. To reduce food waste at the household level, this study focuses on the key factor of date labels and delves into their impact on the behavior of household consumers in dealing with expired food.

This study adopts the form of an online questionnaire survey and designs a Vignette experiment. Taking the main food shoppers in Chinese households aged 18 and above as the research subjects, and using empirical methods such as descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and establishing an ordered Logit regression model, it explores and compares the disposal decisions of Chinese household consumers regarding expired foods with different shelf-life lengths and health properties under scenarios with different expiration times and format types of date labels. It also analyzes the role played by consumers' understanding of the date label system and demographic factors in this process, in order to analyze the influence mechanism of date labels on the disposal behavior of pre-packaged food in households. On this basis, this study provides respondents with relevant information about the definition of date labels for Chinese foods to observe whether information intervention can have a positive impact on consumers' behavior in dealing with expired foods, so as to effectively reduce the phenomenon of households discarding edible pre-packaged food.

Through empirical analysis, this study found that the expiration time and format type of the date label will significantly affect consumers' willingness to eat expired food, and there is a significant negative correlation between the length of food expiration and consumers' willingness to eat it, that is, the longer the expiration time, the more unacceptable the food is to consumers; At the same time, expired fresh food with date labels in an indirect form (providing the production date and shelf life) is also easier to be accepted and eaten by consumers than similar food with date labels in a direct form (providing the expiration date). Under the same circumstances, consumers' acceptance of different types of expired food is also different, that is, consumers prefer to eat prepackaged food with a long shelf life and healthy properties. Most consumers do not know enough about China's current date labeling system, which makes it easier for them to discard rather than eat expired food, resulting in unnecessary food waste. However, improving consumers' understanding of date labels through information intervention can significantly increase their possibility of eating all kinds of expired prepackaged food, thus reducing the situation of family consumers blindly discarding expired food. Based on the above research results, this study believes that the relevant government departments should introduce more explicit date labeling regulations and a unified way to define the shelf life, so as to reduce consumers' misunderstanding of date labels and unnecessary contradictions with manufacturers in terms of food safety and quality; In addition, all sectors of society also have the responsibility to improve consumers' cognitive level of date labels through the dissemination of short videos through social media, offline education and popular science activities, and the setting up of store billboards, so as to guide them to deal with prepackaged food more rationally, so as to effectively reduce food waste at the family level and contribute to the sustainable development of society.

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