我国是一个典型的二元经济结构国家，随着经济的高速发展和城镇化进程的加快，日益扩大的城乡差距已经成为制约我国社会经济发展的重要因素。党的十六大报告明确指出：统筹城乡经济社会发展，建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民收入，缩小城乡差距是全面建设小康社会的重大任务。党的十七大更是站在新的全局高度上提出要建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，加快改造传统农业、走中国特色农业现代化道路，逐步进入着力破除城乡二元结构、形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局的重要时期，统筹城乡各方面的发展。由此可见，城乡统筹发展是使我国经济保持可持续增长的有效手段，同时也是落实中央提出的科学发展观的重要途径。 本文以浙江省新昌县为例对城乡统筹问题进行分析，新昌县隶属于浙江省绍兴市，是一个山区县，于2006年开始有规划的开展城乡统筹工作，近几年来城乡统筹取得了很大进步。但是，由于传统的城乡分割造成的体制性障碍，再加上基础差、历史欠账多等客观实际，都使得城乡之间仍然存在较大的差距。 首先，在分析国民经济发展现状的基础上，通过城乡之间的对比分析，指出新昌县城乡发展中存在的不平衡现象，并对城乡统筹的现状和存在的问题进行深入的考察。 其次，本研究通过建立指标体系的方法来衡量城乡统筹发展的程度和水平。该评价体系是一个根据城乡关系协调发展的终极目标为基础而建立起来，它是反映城乡关系发展水平的指标集合。根据评价原则及目标，本文在诸多的城乡关系表现中选择具有代表性的12个指标，并将这些指标按性质不同分为城乡经济统筹、城乡社会统筹和城乡生活统筹三个子系统，形成有序的递阶层次，对新昌县城乡统筹发展现状进行评价。 最后，基于上述分析的基础上，借鉴国内其他区域城乡统筹发展的先进经验，结合新昌县的实际情况，从整体规划、经济统筹、社会统筹和居民生活统筹四个方面提出了促进新昌县城乡统筹发展的政策建议，以此来改变新昌县农村整体落后的面貌，真正实现新昌县城乡统筹，最终实现新昌先城乡一体化发展的目标。

China is one of countries where exist two pole economic structure country typically, along with the acceleration of the rapid economic development and urbanization, the widening gap between urban and rural areas has become an important factor that restrict the social and economic development of China. The report of 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China proposes clearly: Pool the economic development in urban and rural areas, build modern agriculture，develop rural economy, increase peasant's income, reduce the gap between urban and rural areas, these are the great task of building a moderately prosperous society. The 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party pointed out: our country has substantially entered the stage of promoting agricultural development through the industry and leading the countryside development by the urban development, has been at the critical moment of expediting the reform of traditional agriculture and taking the path of Chinese characterized agricultural modernization and has gotten into the important period of putting forth effort to abolish urban and rural dualistic structure and form a new pattern of urban and rural economic and social development integration. Thus, the integrated of urban and rural development is not only the way that maintain the sustainable growth of China's economy ,but also an important way that implement the central scientific concept of development. The paper analyze the integrated of urban and rural areas in Xinchang County, which is a mountain county in Zhejiang Province . Xinchang County began to carry out the integration of urban and rural in 2006, and this work has made a big progress in recent years. However, due to the traditional urban-rural split caused by institutional barriers, coupled with a poor foundation, historical debts objective reality, there is a big gap still exists between urban and rural areas in Xinchang County. Firstly, on the basis of the analysis of national economic development, through the comparative analysis between urban and rural areas, this paper pointed out the fact that existing imbalances in the urban and rural development in Xinchang County, and have a deep research on the problems of the integration of urban and rural . Secondly, this study establish the index system to measure the extent and level of urban and rural integration development. The evaluation system is established based on the ultimate goal of a coordinated development of urban-rural relations, it is a set of indicators that reflect the level of development of urban and rural relations. Based on the evaluation principles and objectives in the performance of many of the urban-rural relations, the paper select a representative 12 indicators which divided into urban and rural economic co-ordination and co-ordination of urban and rural social and urban and rural life co-ordination subsystems. Finally, based on the above analysis, learn from the advanced experience of other regional urban and rural integration development, combined with the actual situation in Xinchang County, the Paper comes out the policy recommendations of urban and rural integration development in Xinchang county from the overall planning, co-ordination of economic, social pooling and living co-ordinate four aspects. so as to ultimately achieve the objective of scientific, harmonious and sustainable development in Xinchang county.