绿肥可以丰富土壤养分、改善土壤结构，提高土壤生产力。近年来，绿肥的菜用功能也得到了开发利用。世界各地早有将野菜作为食物来源的记录，一些野菜后来也进入了药用植物数据库。我国野菜分布广泛，营养价值高。但目前我国对于野菜资源缺乏技术支撑和系统研究，导致其未得到高效开发利用。本文选取常见的冬季和夏季种植的绿肥和野菜品种，设置两种无土栽培基质，运用主成分分析法综合评价法，从绿肥和野菜生长情况、营养价值、抗逆抗氧化性等方面进行菜用功能综合评价，筛选出适合菜用的品种，为促进绿肥和野菜资源利用提供参考。

对于植株的生长情况而言，在冬季绿肥中，紫云英和二月兰的各项根系指标表现更好，氮积累、氮利用效率较高。冬季野菜的根系指标在两种基质中表现不同，商品基质中冬寒菜、独行菜更优，在自配基质中葫芦巴、荠菜更优。夏季绿肥中菜用大豆的根系生长状况为最佳。夏季野菜中明月草、野苋菜的根系发育情况较好。由于各品种生长特性的差异，其株高、生物量等各不相同。

对于植株的营养价值而言，在冬季绿肥中，毛叶苕子的可溶性蛋白质含量最高；二月兰的可溶性糖、硝酸盐含量最高；紫云英、二月兰的Ca、Mg、Na元素含量较高；紫云英的Fe、Mn、Zn含量均较高。在冬季野菜中，独行菜的可溶性蛋白质、Ca含量较高；板蓝根的可溶性糖、硝酸盐含量较高；葫芦巴的维生素C、Na含量显著高于其他野菜。在夏季绿肥中，乌豇豆的可溶性蛋白质、Ca、Mg、Mn含量最高；菜用大豆的可溶性糖、维生素C、总氮、总碳含量最高；紫花苜蓿的硝酸盐含量为最高。在夏季野菜中，野苋菜的可溶性蛋白质、Mn、Zn含量最高；明月草的可溶性糖、Na含量最高；紫背天葵的硝酸盐含量最高。

对于植株的抗逆抗氧化性而言，在冬季绿肥中，箭筈豌豆、紫云英、二月兰的SOD酶活性较高；毛叶苕子、二月兰的POD酶活性较高；紫云英、二月兰的CAT酶活性较高。在冬季野菜中，荠菜、葫芦巴的SOD酶活性较高；板蓝根、独行菜的POD酶活性较高;荠菜的CAT酶活性较高。在夏季绿肥中，菜用大豆的SOD、POD酶活性都较高，乌豇豆的CAT酶活性较高，而紫花苜蓿三种酶活性都为最低。在夏季野菜中，野苋菜的3种酶活性均较高，而紫背天葵、明月草的酶活性较低。

对测定指标进行相关性分析及主成分分析，将所测指标转化为N个主成分，构建主成分表达式及综合得分表达式，最后对各品种绿肥和野菜进行菜用功能综合评价。在冬季试验中，主成分分析将测定指标转化为6个综合指标，即6个主成分。综合评价得出，在冬季试验中最适宜菜用的绿肥为紫云英、二月兰。在野菜品种中菜用功能相对较好的是板蓝根。在夏季试验中，主成分分析，将测定指标转化为4个综合指标，即4个主成分。综合评价得出，在夏季试验中最适宜菜用的绿肥为乌豇豆、菜用大豆。在野菜品种中菜用功能相对较好的是野苋菜。

Green manure can enrich soil nutrients, improve soil structure and increase soil productivity. In recent years, the vegetable function of green manure has also been developed and utilized. Wild vegetables have long been documented as a food source around the world, and some have since entered medicinal plant databases. Wild vegetables are widely distributed in China and have high nutritional value. However, the lack of technical support and systematic research on wild vegetable resources in our country leads to its inefficient exploitation and utilization. In this paper, common green manure and wild vegetable varieties planted in winter and summer were selected, two sodless cultivation substrates were set up, and comprehensive evaluation method of principal component analysis was used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of vegetable functions from the growth conditions, nutritional value, anti-oxidation resistance and other aspects of green manure and wild vegetable, so as to screen out the varieties suitable for vegetable use, and provide references for promoting the utilization of green manure and wild vegetable resources.

In terms of plant growth, in winter green manure, the root indexes of Astragalus sinicus L. and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. were better, and the nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were higher. The root indexes of wild vegetable in winter were different in the two substrates, Malva verticillata var. crispa. and Lepidium apetalum Willd. were better in the commercial substrate, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. were better in the self-prepared substrate. The root growth of Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. was the best in summer green manure. In summer, the root development of Gynura divaricata (Linn.) DC. and Amaranthus blitum Linnaeus was better. Because of the different growth characteristics of each variety, its plant height and biomass are different.

In terms of the nutritional value of plants, Vicia villosa Roth. had the highest soluble protein content among the green manure in winter. The contents of soluble sugar and nitrate of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. were the highest. The contents of Ca, Mg and Na elements were higher in Astragalus sinicus L. and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. The contents of Fe, Mn and Zn of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. are high. The contents of soluble protein and Ca of Lepidium apetalum Willd. were higher in winter wild vegetables. The content of soluble sugar and nitrate in Lepidium apetalum Willd. was higher. The contents of vitamin C and Na in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. were significantly higher than other wild vegetables. The contents of soluble protein, Ca, Mg and Mn of Vigna cylindrica (L.) Skeels were the highest in summer green manure. The contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, total nitrogen and total carbon of Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. were the highest. Medicago sativa L. had the highest nitrate content. Among the summer wild vegetables, the contents of soluble protein, Mn and Zn of Amaranthus blitum Linnaeus were the highest. The contents of soluble sugar and Na were the highest in Gynura divaricata (Linn.) DC.. The highest nitrate content was found in Begonia fimbristipula Hance.

In terms of anti-oxidant activity of plants, SOD activity of Vicia sativa L., Astragalus sinicus L. and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. was higher in winter green manure. The POD activity of Vicia villosa Roth. and Vicia villosa Roth. was higher. The activity of CAT was higher in Astragalus sinicus L. and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. The SOD activity of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. was higher in winter wild vegetable. The POD activity of Lsatis tinctoria. and Lsatis tinctoria. was higher. The CAT activity of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. was higher. In summer green manure, SOD and POD activities of Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. were higher, CAT activities of Vigna cylindrica (L.) Skeels was higher, and the three enzyme activities of Medicago sativa L. were lowest. Among the summer wild vegetables, the three enzyme activities of Amaranthus blitum Linnaeus were higher, while the enzyme activities of Begonia fimbristipula Hance and Gynura divaricata (Linn.) DC. were lower.

Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out, the measured indicators were converted into N principal components, principal component expression and comprehensive score expression were constructed, and the vegetable function of each variety of green manure and wild vegetable was evaluated comprehensively. In the winter test, the principal component analysis converted the measurement indicators into six composite indicators, namely six principal components. The comprehensive evaluation shows that the most suitable green manures for vegetable use in winter test are Astragalus sinicus L. and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. Among the wild vegetable varieties, Lsatis tinctoria. has a relatively good function. In the summer test, the principal component analysis, the determination index is transformed into 4 comprehensive indexes, that is, 4 principal components. According to the comprehensive evaluation, the most suitable green manures for vegetable use in summer test are Vigna cylindrica (L.) Skeels and Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. Among wild vegetable varieties, Amaranthus blitum Linnaeus is relatively good in vegetable function.