我国是一个人多地少的农业大国，实现世界上最严格的耕地保护政策是必然的选择。但是过去只简单的强调耕地的数量管理，而忽视了耕地质量变化对耕地生产能力的影响。近年来，随着我国对耕地保护研究的不断深化，对耕地保护的观念也在不断的转变，现在的耕地管理模式已经从以往的只注重数量管理向数量质量双重管理方面转变，认识到只有耕地的数量和质量都抓好了，我国的粮食生产能力才不会降低。 基本农田是粮食生产安全的重要基础，保护基本农田就成了耕地保护工作的重中之重，对保障国家粮食安全、维护社会稳定、促进社会经济全面、协调、可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。目前，我国基本农田保护形势不容乐观，主要存在有：基本农田数量保护力度不够，质量保护被忽视现象严重，空间布局不尽合理等问题。因此，研究科学的基本农田划定方法和科学高效的基本农田数量和质量管理方法对于应对上述基本农田保护中存在的问题具有重要的意义。 在这样的研究背景下，本文以耕地的综合质量为主线，对耕地入选基本农田，基本农田数量和质量管理以及基本农田信息化管理等方面进行了系统的研究，并以南通市海安县为例进行实证分析。论文主要包括以下部分： 第一部分对基本农田保护的相关概念与理论进行了介绍，明确了基本农田划定的理论依据，并由基本农田保护规划体系中分析得知县级基本农田保护规划是我国基本农田保护规划的关键和纽带，起到承上启下的作用，确定了本文的研究目标是县级基本农田保护。 第二部分依据基本农田保护规划的内容和程序确定了基本农田划定过程中的技术关键，主要包括：基本农田需求量预测、基本农田数量指标分解、和基本农田空间定位等方面，并对其科学解决的原理和方法进行了分析和探讨。基本农田需求量的预测中要考虑到当前城市化过程中城乡居民饮食差异带来的粮食需求量变化；基本农田数量指标分解应采用定量的研究方法综合考虑多方面因素确定，尽量避免片面主观的行政决定；基本农田空间定位则是一个复杂过程，包括耕地质量综合排序、耕地入选基本农田以及实现空间定位三个相关联的部分，其中耕地质量综合排序直接影响耕地入选结果，是基本农田定位过程的基础和关键。 第三部分依据提高管理效率、加强数量与质量双重管理的耕地保护政策，本文对基本农田质量动态监测体系和监测内容以及基本农田占补平衡考核标准进行了分析与探讨，并对基本农田的网络化管理进行的初步的功能设计。 第四部分为县级基本农田划定及其管护措施的实证研究。以南通市海安县为例，分别对海安县的基本农田需求量、基本农田数量指标分解以及基本农田的空间定位进行实证分析，并通过耕地质量综合排序结果和耕地的粮食单产能力构建了基本农田占补平衡考核体系。研究结果表明科学的划定方法能保证优质高产的耕地划入基本农田；以粮食生产能力为占补平衡考核的标准能够保证本行政区域内的粮食安全。

According to the situation that China is an agricultural country with a large population but a little land, it’s an inevitable choice to adopt the world's most strict management regulations for cultivated land. In the past, much attention were paid only to the quantitative management of arable land while ignoring its’ quality, whose changes affect the production capacity of farmland. Recently, along with the research of the protection of arable land is being deepened constantly, its concept is changing. The transformation in the arable land management model from quantitative management to the management both in the quantity and quality, is happening today. We have recognized that only both of the two jobs are put into effect, China's grain production capacity will not be reduced. As basic farmland is the important basis for security of grain-production, basic farmland preservation has become the most important task, which is of great significance to ensure national food security, maintain social stability, and promote comprehensive, harmonious and sustainable development between society and economy. At present, the situation of China's basic farmland protection is not optimistic and the main problems are: the weak quantitative protection of arable land, the lack of quality protection, the unreasonable space layout not and other issues. Therefore, it’s of great significance to study a scientific delimitation of basic farmland and an efficient management in its quantity and quality. In such research background, my thesis lined with the comprehensive quality of arable land, taking Hai'an county of Nantong City as an empirical analysis, treatises systematically in three aspects as: selecting cultivated land into basic farmland, network management and requisition-compensation balance in basic farmland. This paper mainly includes the following parts: The first part introduces some concepts and theories related to the protection of basic farmland, supplying a clear theoretical foundation. Based on the analysis of the planning system of basic farmland protection, county-level planning system of basic farmland protection, playing a role as the key and the connecting link in our country’s basic farmland protection, is the main aim of this study. According to the contents and procedures of the basic farmland protection, the second part points out the key technologies in the delimitation of basic farmland, including: demand forecasts, quantity index decomposition, space positioning of basic farmland, and some other aspects. Then the paper analyzes and discusses the scientific principles and methods. In the demand forecasts, changing in the grain demand that brought by the difference between urban and rural residents eating during the urbanization, should be taken into account. In regard to the quantity index decomposition, quantitative study with various factors should be adopted, in order to avoid one-sided subjective administrative decisions as possible. The space positioning of basic farmland is more complex, which includes the comprehensive sequencing in arable land quality, selecting arable land into the basic farmland and achieving the goal of space positioning. As an integrated part, the sequencing in arable land quality affects directly the results of selecting cultivated land, is the foundation and key for basic farmland in space positioning. Aiming at improve management efficiency and enhance the arable land protection polices both in quantity and quality management, the third part gives an analysis of dynamic monitoring system and the monitoring contents of the quality in basic farmland. In addition, assessment criterion of the requisition-compensation balance of basic farmland is discussed in this part. Finally, the function of basic farmland network management is preliminarily designed. Part four is an empirical study on the delimitation and administration of county-level basic farmland. Taking Hai'an County in Nantong City as an example, based on the analysis of the demand forecasts, quantity index decomposition and space positioning of basic farmland, an examination system for the requisition-compensation balance of basic farmland is set up according to the comprehensive sort on quality and its grain yield of the cultivated land. The results show that a scientific delimitation ensures high-quality and high-yielding arable land classified into the basic farmland and regional food security can be guaranteed by the examination system which taking grain production capacity as its examination criteria for the requisition-compensation balance in basic farmland.