随着农村经济发展速度的不断加快，农村生活垃圾的产生量也越来越多，农村生活垃圾的处理已经不容忽视。研究农村地区生活垃圾的产生特征和分类收集方式，对农村生活垃圾的外运减量化和易腐有机垃圾的就地资源化有重要意义。本文以南京市高淳县固城镇和溧水县东屏镇的农村地区为研究对象，系统的研究了当地生活垃圾的产生特征，提出了适宜的垃圾分类收集模式和资源化方式。 研究分为三部分进行，首先通过基础调研和问卷调查的方式，对当地垃圾产生情况和居民的垃圾分类意识等进行了研究。然后根据调研的结果，对当地进行了垃圾分类收集方案的设计，并以高淳县固城镇大全村和溧水县东屏镇华家村为例，进行了实地方案的实施和对比。最后，对分拣出来的易腐有机垃圾进行了资源化方案的设计，并取样分析了资源化产物。 问卷调查结果表明，在调查季度，高淳县固城镇和溧水县东屏镇农村生活垃圾为0.42kg/(人·d)，其中易腐有机垃圾的量为0.23 kg/(人·d)，剩饭剩菜量为0.06 kg/(人·d)。这个产生量介于发达农村和典型农村垃圾产生量之间，高于实际记录的结果。现场实地记录得到：当地农村生活垃圾产生量大约为0.318kg/(人·d)，其中有机垃圾占总垃圾的70％以上。当地居民家中垃圾组分主要有菜叶、瓜皮果壳、厕纸、地扫垃圾、厨余垃圾、塑料瓶、易拉罐、纸盒等，71.49%的可回收垃圾中有玻璃、塑料瓶等。对于易腐有机垃圾中的植物残体，42.49%居民选择直接倒掉，20.69％选择堆肥，其余选择喂养牲畜。53.93%的居民将秸秆等有机垃圾拉回家烧灶。当地居民有一定意识将可回收垃圾单独处理。65.66%的村民对垃圾分类有一定认识，但没有人在家进行垃圾分类。53.52%的村民愿意承担部分垃圾处理费用，其中，40.74％的村民愿意支付3元以下。 根据以上调研结果，对固城镇和东屏镇全镇农村设计了垃圾分类收集方案，分别为“村民分两类投放，保洁员分两类收集，保洁员集中分拣”和“村民混合投放，保洁员混合收集，保洁员集中分拣”。同时，在固城镇大全村和东屏镇华家村分别对两种设计的方案进行了现场实施。结果表明，“村民分两类投放，保洁员分两类收集，保洁员集中分拣”这种方法更适合在农村地区推广。 垃圾分类好后，需要对易腐有机垃圾进行资源化处理。为此，我们又对高淳县固城镇双全村和溧水县东屏镇金湖村进行了易腐有机垃圾资源化方案的设计。分别为“高温快速堆肥”和“昆虫生物转化”，对高温堆肥的产物进行实验室检验，得出其N、P、K含量基本满足有机肥的最低含量，重金属中除了Cd稍微超标以外，其余的均在垃圾农用标准之内。

With the fast development of rural economics, the number of rural solid wastes in rural have increased significantly. Therefore, it is urgent to disposal these wastes. It is of great significance for waste reduction and resources to carry out the research on the characters of rural solid waste generated and the models of waste classification and collection. This paper studies on the characters of rural solid wastes generated in two villages, provide a feasible model of waste classification and collection. Then, it proposes the resourceful and harmless treatment of rural solid wastes. The research was divided into three parts, first of all, assessing the rubbish generated by local residents and studying their awareness of garbage classification through the based research and questionnaire. Secondly, according to the results of the investigation, the garbage classification collection design was carried on and then comparing the result with Daquan and Huajia villages. Finally, perishable organic waste resourceful utilization was researched and analyzed the products in detail. The quarterly questionnaire survey results showed that the two towns produce 0.42Kg rural household garbage for each person every day, the amount of perishable organic garbage were 0.23Kg each person every day and the leftovers were 0.06 Kg each person every day. The number was only a continuum between developed rural and typical rural garbage production, and was higher than physical record. The site records showed that the quantity of local rural household garbage was about 0.318Kg each person every day in which the organic waste accounted for more than 70%. Garbage mainly contains vegetable leaves, melon fruit shell, toilet paper, kitchen waste, plastic bottles, etc., and 71.49% of recyclable waste included glass and plastic bottles. For the plant residues in the perishable organic waste, about 42% of the residents choose directly drained, about 20% of the residents choose composting and the rest choose to feed cattle. There are 53% of the residents pull the straw back to house and burn as firewood. In the surveys, local residents have certain awareness in separating and treating the recyclable garbage. 65.66% of the villagers have some acquaintance of garbage classification, but nobody conduct the classification at home. 53.52% of the villagers were willing to afford part of the waste disposal expenses, and 40.74% of the villagers among them are willing to pay less than 3 yuan. According to the above results, we designed two different sorting collection models for the two towns. Which are "Two types of collection in source then classified centrally "and "Mixed collection in source then classification centrally". Meanwhile, we tried the two models in Daquan and Huajia village. It showed that the first model was more suitable for promotion in the country. After classification, the recycling treatment for the perishable organic waste was also necessary. Therefore, we have made recycling treatment projects for perishable organic waste separately in Shuangquan Village, Gucheng Town and Jinhu Village, Dongping Town, which was designed as High Temperature Compost and Insects Biotransformation, respectively. Through laboratory tests of the products of High Temperature Compost, we find that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium basically met the minimum content of organic fertilizer. Additionally, the heavy metals content is within the agriculture utilization standards of garbage, except the Cadmium content exceeds a bid.