由雀稗微座孢(Microdochium paspali)引起的稀疏斑块病是海雀稗上重 要的病害之一，造成了严重的经济损失。化学防治仍然是草坪病害防治的重 要手段，但稀疏斑块病的化学防治研究鲜有开展，从而限制了该病害的科学 防治。本研究采用菌丝生长速率法筛选对雀稗微座孢具有明显抑制效果的杀 菌剂，在此基础上，对不同作用机制杀菌剂的复配组合进行评价，进一步通 过盆栽试验验证各复配组合对稀疏斑块病的防治效果，以期为海雀稗稀疏斑 块病的科学防治提供有效解决方案。本研究获得如下研究结果:

1、菌丝生长速率法测定了 20 种杀菌剂对三株不同地理来源的雀稗微座 孢菌株的抑制率，筛选出对雀稗微座孢具有明显抑制作用的药剂:咪鲜胺、 苯并烯氟菌唑、咯菌腈、丙环唑和丙硫菌唑，其平均抑制率分别为 100.0%， 100.0%，94.0%，94.0%，65.0%。敏感性测定结果显示不同菌株对各药剂的 敏感性存在显著差别。利用 Wadley 法评价不同杀菌剂的联合毒力，并计算 各复配组合的增效系数，结果显示有 12 种复配组合对所测菌株同时具有增效 作用，未发现有复配组合对所测菌株同时具有拮抗作用。复配组合中增效作 用最为显著的依次是苯并烯氟菌唑和咯菌腈 3:7 复配组合(增效系数为 4.10~17.35)、咯菌腈和丙环唑 6:4 复配组合(增效系数为 3.08~10.64)、苯并 烯氟菌唑和丙环唑 1:9 复配组合(增效系数为 5.71~15.54)。

2、温室盆栽试验进一步分析上述三种复配组合及其单剂对稀疏斑块病 的预防及治疗效果。结果显示通过室外接种海雀稗发现:三种单剂和三种复 配药剂在整体周期中防治效果良好，且无药害，并且复配药剂防治效果均比 单剂防效明显。在预防组中，预防结果显示在第 6 d，苯并烯氟菌唑和咯菌 腈 3:7 复配组合防治效果最好，防治效率达 87.29%，在其他周期内均显著高 于其他处理，在第 24 d，咯菌腈单剂的防治效果最差，其防治效率达 57.91%。在治疗组中，预防结果显示在第 6 d，苯并烯氟菌唑和咯菌腈 3:7 复配组合防治效果最好，防治效率达 87.94%，在其他周期内均显著高于其他 处理，在第 24 d，咯菌腈和丙环唑 6:4 复配组合防治效果最差，其防治效率 达 57.91%。

本研究通过系统开展稀疏斑块病复配药剂的室内平板及温室盆栽的筛选 与评价，明确了用于该病害防治的高效复配药剂组合，为海雀稗稀疏斑块病 的科学防治提供了有效的技术方案。

Sparse leaf patch disease caused by Microdochium paspali is one of the important diseases on seashore paspalum, causing serious economic losses. Chemical control is still the important way to manage turfgrass disease. However, researches on chemical control of sparse leaf patch disease are rare, which limit the scientific management of this disease. This study used the mycelial growth rate method to screen for fungicides with significant inhibitory effects on M. paspali. Furthermore, Combinations of fungicides with different mechanisms of action were evaluated, and pot experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of each fungicide combination for the prevention and curation of sparse leaf patch disease, in order to provide effective solutions for the scientific managment of this disease on seashore paspalum. The results from this study were shown as follows:

The mycelial inhibitory rates of 20 fungicides were assayed with three M. paspali isolates from different locations. The fungicides with most significant inhibitory effects were selected for subsequent study. The top five fungicide were prochloraz, benzovindiflupyr, fludioxonil, propiconazole, and propiconazole, with average inhibition rates of 100.00%, 100.00%, 94.00%, 94.00%, and 64.97%, respectively. Different isolates showed different sensitivies to same fungicides. The Wadley method was used to evaluate the effects of different fungicide combinations, and the results showed that 12 combinations had synergistic effects on all tested isolates, no combinations had been found to have antagonistic effects on all tested isolates. The fungicide combinations with top three synergistic effects were: the 3:7 combination of benzovindiflupyr and fludioxonil(the efficiency enhancement coefficient is 4.10~17.35)，the 6:4 combination of fludioxonil and propiconazole (the efficiency enhancement coefficient is 3.08~10.64), and the 1:9 combination of benzovindiflupyr and propiconazole (the efficiency enhancement coefficient is 5.71~15.54).

2、The results of pot experiment showed that the above three fungicide combinations had good control effects throughout the envestigation period, and no fungicide damage was observed. In addition, the control effects of fungicide combinations were more significant than those of the respective single fungicides. The prevention results showed that the combination of benzovindiflupyr and fludioxonil at a ratio of 3:7 had the best effect after 6 d of inoculation, with a control efficiency of 87.29%, this combination also showed significantly higher control effects than other treatments during the entire period. The curative experiment showed that the combination of benzovindiflupyr and fludioxonil at a ratio of 3:7 also had the best control effect after 6 d of inoculation, with a control efficiency of 87.94%, which was also significantly higher than other treatments during the investigation period.

This study systemically screened and evaluated the effective fungicide combinations for the control of sparse leaf patch disease both in vitro and in vivo. The results will provide effective solutions for the scientific control of sparse leaf patch disease on seashore paspalum in the future.

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