西番莲是我国重要的热带经济作物，栽培种也称为百香果，在我国脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴中发挥重要作用。西番莲病毒病是一种侵染性病害，常造成植株的叶片和果实畸形、生长缓慢，严重影响西番莲的产量和品质，以及西番莲产业的健康发展。夜来香花叶病毒（Telosma mosaic virus, TeMV）被认为是感染西番莲最严重的病毒之一。目前没有抗TeMV的食用栽培品种，同时市面上也没有防治TeMV的有效药剂，这是西番莲对TeMV的防控以及西番莲抗病毒研究是产业面临的重大难题。因此，本文以现存于海南省儋州市西番莲种质圃的40份西番莲属不同种的种质为实验材料，开展扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM）观察、生理生化检测，筛选抗病基因（PAL、PR、NLR等）和RT-qPCR定量分析，探讨西番莲属不同种质材料在TeMV自然侵染的情况下生物学的变化，为未来西番莲抗病育种奠定理论基础。进一步利用防治药剂对已染病的两个西番莲主栽品种（‘台农1号’、‘黄金百香果’）进行处理，统计和分析不同药剂对TeMV的防治效果，筛选出较好的防治药剂。筛选抗病相关基因进行差异表达分析，明确这些抗性基因在防治前后的表达规律，探讨TeMV药剂的作用效果。主要研究内容与结果如下： 1. TeMV对西番莲植株的负面影响十分严重：在表型上，TeMV可以导致西番莲的部分品种叶片发生扭曲、凸起、斑驳、畸形、皱缩、花叶等不良变化；气孔也发生变化，其形状及大小不一。且感病症状明显的品种净光合速率低于5 µmol m-²s-¹，西番莲在TeMV侵染下，其光合和表型发生变化，光合和表型之间联系密切，相互影响，西番莲表型和光合特性表现较好的的品种，POD活性水平均较低。主栽品种‘黄金百香果’受TeMV侵染后其感病症状明显，在光合方面，导致净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度都低于健康对照211.8%、333%、362%，在抗氧化酶方面，感染病毒‘黄金百香果’的POD、CAT、SOD活性总体上高于其他种质材料。 2. 在本次研究对西番莲不同种质材料的抗病或感病特性分析发现，‘红花西番莲’（P. miniata）未检测出TeMV，光合性能优于健康的‘黄金百香果’（H-CK），抗氧化酶活性低，初步推断为免疫或高抗TeMV品种。 其余检测出TeMV的种质中，表型无病症、TeMV相对表达量极低、光合性能优良的种质有5种，分别为：‘玛格丽特’、‘木瓜-1’、‘金蜜橙黄’、‘瑞香’、‘兰香’，可初步推断具有较好的抗TeMV特性，可作为抗性育种的种质资源。 TeMV相对表达极显著高于感病对照、其他实验数据优于感染病毒的‘黄金百香果’（S-CK）S-CK的种质中的‘Q-1’、‘苹果绿皮’、‘青皮’、‘W-1’4个种质材料可初步推断为耐TeMV种质。各项实验数据高于S-CK，低于H-CK的种质有P. Spp的‘D-1’、‘DL-B1’、‘DZ-1’、‘XZ-B1’4个材料，这些种质可作为抗性育种材料。主栽种紫果（P. edulis）和黄果（P. edulis f.flavicarpa）的12个种质对于TeMV无明显抗性优势。黄果种杂交材料‘6-10-6’病毒含量高、表型症状较轻、光合性能好，初步推断具备较好的耐病毒特征，可作为抗病毒品种进一步选育和推向市场。 3. 扫描电镜观测发现7个品种有表皮毛，除了‘云尼’，其余6个品种（‘玛格丽特’、‘瑞香’、‘兰香’、‘Q-1’、‘红花西番莲’、‘龙珠果’）在光合性能方面极显著优于S-CK；15份种质有角质层外蜡，其中的13个品种的光合性能极显著优于S-CK，分别为：‘木瓜-1’、‘金蜜橙黄’（樟叶西番莲）、‘QZXXFL蓝冠’、‘兰香’、‘Q-1’、‘红花西番莲’、‘玛格丽特’、‘乌拉圭热情果’、‘云尼’、‘瑞香’、‘苹果绿皮’、‘青皮’、‘W-1’、‘Ⅱ-Y’。实验表明拥有丰富角质层外蜡和表皮毛的西番莲品种抗TeMV特性较强。 4. 2%香菇多糖对西番莲的TeMV具有防治效果。香菇多糖喷施西番莲，可以抑制TeMV表达量（下降62.1%）、显著降低4个抗病基因（PAL、PR、NLR）的表达量、降低抗氧化酶活性、提高光合性能；5%氨基寡糖素能提高主栽品种的光合作用、降低了‘台农1号’新叶POD活性，提升CAT活性，对TeMV无抑制效果；灵芝素仅可提升‘台农1号’的光合性能。

Passion flower, also known as passion fruit, is an important tropical cash crop in China, which plays an important role in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Passiflora virus disease is a kind of infectious disease, which often causes deformed leaves and fruits of plants and slow growth, seriously affecting the yield and quality of passiflora and the development of passiflora industry. Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) is considered to be one of the most serious viruses infecting passion flower. Currently, there are no edible cultivars resistant to TeMV, and there is no effective drug to control TeMV in the market, which is a major problem in the prevention and control of TeMV in Passiflora and the study of antiviral therapy in Passiflora. Therefore, the germplasm of 40 Passiflora species in Danzhou City, Hainan Province were used as experimental materials for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation, physiological and biochemical tests. To screen resistance genes (PAL, PR, NLR, etc.) and quantitatively analyze them by RT-qPCR, and to explore the biological changes of different Passiflora germplasm materials under the condition of natural infection of TeMV, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for future breeding of Passiflora resistance. The control effects of different agents on TeMV were statistically analyzed, and the better control agent was selected. Results: The TEMV control rate of the infected two main passion fruit varieties (Tainong No.1 and Huangjin passion fruit) was significantly higher than that of the control agent. Resistance related genes were screened for differential expression analysis to clarify the expression rules of these resistance genes before and after treatment, and to explore the effect of TeMV. The main research contents and results are as follows:

The negative effects of TeMV on Passiflora plants are very serious: in phenotype, TeMV can cause some varieties of Passiflora leaves to distort, convex, mottled, deformed, wrinkled, flower and other adverse changes; The stomata also varied in shape and size. The net photosynthetic rate of the varieties with obvious symptoms of disease was lower than 5 µmol m-²s-¹, and the photosynthesis and phenotype of Passiflora were changed under TeMV infection, and the photosynthesis and phenotype were closely related and influenced each other, and the varieties with better phenotype and photosynthetic characteristics had lower POD activity levels. Focus on the main variety golden passion fruit, after being infected with TeMV, the disease symptoms were obvious. In terms of photosynthesis, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were lower than the healthy control 211.8%, 333% and 362%. The POD, CAT and SOD activities of infected golden passion fruit were higher than those of other germplasm materials.

2. In this study, the disease resistance or susceptibility characteristics of different Passiflora germplasm materials were analyzed. It was found that no TeMV was detected in ‘Honghua Passionflower’ (P. miniata), its photosynthetic performance was better than that of healthy ‘Huangjin passion fruit’ (H-CK), and its antioxidant enzyme activity was low.

Among the other TeMV germplasm, the phenotypic disease-free, TeMV relative expression is very low, and photosynthetic performance is excellent: ‘Margherita’, ‘Mugua-1’, ‘Jinmichenghuang’, ‘Ruixiang’, and ‘Lanxiang’, which can be preliminantly inferred that they have good TeMV resistance and can be used as germplasm resources for resistance breeding.

The relative expression of TeMV was significantly higher than that of the infected control, and the experimental data of S-CK were better than those of S-CK infected with virus. The S-CK germplasm included ‘Q-1’, Pingguolvpi, green peel and ‘W-1’, which could be preliminatively inferred as TEMV-resistant germplasm. The germplasm whose experimental data were higher than S-CK and lower than H-CK included ‘D-1’, ‘DL-B1’, ‘DZ-1’ and ‘XZ-B1’ of P. spp., which could be used as resistance breeding materials. The 12 germplasm cultivars of purple fruit (P. edulis) and yellow fruit (P. edulis f.flavicarpa) had no obvious resistance to TeMV. Yellow fruit hybrid ‘6-10-6’ has high virus content, mild phenotypic symptoms and good photosynthetic performance. It is preliminically inferred that it has good virus resistance characteristics, and can be further selected and marketed as an antiviral variety.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed that 7 varieties had epidermal fur, except for ‘Yunni’, the other 6 varieties (‘Marguerite’, ‘Ruixiang’, ‘Lanxiang’, ‘Q-1’, ‘Honghua Passionflower’ and ‘Longzhu fruit’) were significantly superior to S-CK in terms of photosynthetic performance; The photosynthetic performance of 13 cultivars were significantly better than S-CK, including: ‘Mugua 1’, ‘Jinmichenghua’, ‘QZXXFL Languan’, ‘Lanxiang’, ‘Q-1’, ‘Honghua Passionflower’, ‘Margarita’, ‘Uruguay passion fruit, Yuni’,’ Thyme’, ‘Pingguolvpi’, ‘Qingpi’, ‘W-1’, ‘Ⅱ-Y’. The results showed that the passionflower varieties with abundant exocerticular wax and epidermal fur had stronger resistance to TeMV.

4. 2% lentinan has control effect on TeMV of Passiflora. The application of lentinan could inhibit the expression of TeMV (decreased by 62.1%), significantly decrease the expression of 4 resistance genes (PAL, PR, NLR), decrease the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and improve the photosynthetic performance of Passiflora. 5%Amino-oligosaccharides could increase photosynthesis, decrease POD activity and increase CAT activity in Tainong No. 1 leaves, but had no inhibitory effect on TeMV. Ganoderma lucidum could only improve the photosynthetic performance of ‘Tainong NO 1’.

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