水稻是我国第一大口粮作物，稻飞虱是水稻上发生最为严重的害虫，具有远距离迁飞能力、突发性、暴发性和落地成灾的特点，严重威胁我国水稻粮食生产安全。元江县地处云南滇中地区，与东南亚邻国缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南相距不远，是境外虫源主要的降落区之一，也能为稻飞虱北迁提供虫源；其气候条件与我国东部地区大不相同，也使人们对元江地区稻飞虱种群变化了解甚少。此外，黑肩绿盲蝽是稻飞虱的重要捕食性天敌，能够有效制约稻飞虱的种群数量，其种群动态变化与稻飞虱种群动态变化息息相关，也可作为稻飞虱种群动态变化的预测要素之一。然而元江县稻飞虱上灯节律上尚不明确。综上，明确该地区稻飞虱及其天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的迁飞规律与上灯节律研究对水稻迁飞害虫稻飞虱的异地预测和源头治理以及天敌保护有重要指导意义。

为此，本研究基于元江县2020、2021年稻飞虱及其天敌黑肩绿盲蝽高空监测灯灯诱数据，分析了该地区稻飞虱及其天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的逐日动态、季节变化、年际差异以及夜晚扑灯节律。本研究的主要结果如下：

1.2021年元江地区稻飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽灯下虫情逐日动态

2021年元江县白背飞虱相比于褐飞虱为害时间更长，虫量更大，白背飞虱比褐飞虱的上灯始见期早16天。白背飞虱、褐飞虱、黑肩绿盲蝽分别在5月29日、9月24日、9月23日达到全年上灯最高峰。两种飞虱下半年的诱虫量均要大于上半年，在8至9月份出现多个上灯高峰。初步推断元江地区白背飞虱迁入期在4月中旬以及8月中下旬，迁出期为5月中下旬及9月下旬至10月初。褐飞虱迁入期为5月中下旬及9月中下旬。迁出期为6月中下旬及10月初。黑肩绿盲蝽在灯下的种群动态基本同步于白背飞虱和褐飞虱，且黑肩绿盲蝽与两种稻飞虱的特大高峰期非常接近，说明黑肩绿盲蝽的季节性迁飞习性与两种稻飞虱较一致。两种飞虱在黑光灯与高空灯上出现的全年上灯最高峰日期吻合，且调查期间出现的若干个高峰期也非常接近，但黑光灯上两种飞虱的诱虫总量要远大于高空灯诱虫总量。

2.元江地区稻飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽灯下虫情年际动态

2020-2021年间白背飞虱和黑肩绿盲蝽种群上灯虫量的年际间差异不大，没有明显的上升或下降；褐飞虱种群的上灯虫量有明显的减少。白背飞虱及褐飞虱上灯始见期相比上年分别提前19和5天，黑肩绿盲蝽始见期则推迟21天，但其两年的始见期都晚于白背飞虱和褐飞虱。2020、2021年，白背飞虱在8月和9月均出现了多个上灯高峰，期间诱虫量分别占当年的63.31%及60.41%。而褐飞虱的上灯高峰都主要集中在9月份，该月上灯虫量分别占当年的67.42%及69.05%。黑肩绿盲蝽两年均在9月份达到了全年最高扑灯虫量，期间上灯虫量分别占当年总虫量的60.89%和58.25%，其两年的上灯最高峰与褐飞虱的上灯最高峰出现时间非常接近，表现出伴迁现象。

3.稻飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽上灯节律研究

白背飞虱、褐飞虱和黑肩绿盲蝽在2020、2021年两年夜晚的逐小时时段均有上灯，表现出整夜扑灯型。三种昆虫晚上一般有1-2个扑灯高峰，都分布于前半夜和日出之前，且三种昆虫全年早晚扑灯虫量明显多于午夜。全年上灯时段主要集中在傍晚19:30-21:30（暮峰）和早晨6:30-7:30（晨峰）时段，表现出“晨暮双峰型”的扑灯节律，三种昆虫大致上在迁入期表现出晨峰数量大于暮峰数量，迁出期暮峰数量大于晨峰数量。

Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. Rice planthopper is a serious pest on rice. It has the characteristics of long-distance migration, suddenness, outbreak and destruction, which seriously threatens the safety of rice production in China. Yuanjiang County in Yunnan Province has a special geographical location, and Southeast Asian neighbors Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam is not far away. And Yuanjiang County is one of the main landing areas for rice planthoppers, and also can provide a source for the rice planthopper to migrate northward. Its climatic conditions are quite different from those in the eastern part of China, so people know little about the population change of rice planthopper in Yuanjiang area. In addition, the Cyrtorhinus lividipennis（Reuter）is an important predatory natural enemy of the rice planthopper, which can effectively restrict the population of the pest. Its population dynamics is closely related to the population dynamics of rice planthopper, and can also be used as one of the prediction factors of the population dynamics of rice planthopper. However, how is the rhythem of C. lividipennis response to the searchlight trap in Yuanjiang is not clear yet. In summary, the study on the migration pattern and behavior rhythm of the rice planthopper and its natural enemy (C. lividipennis) is reflected by the light trap in this Yuanjiang can be of great guiding significance for the off-site prediction and source control of the rice migratory rice planthopper and the protection of natural enemy.

Therefore, based on the searchlight trapping data of rice planthopper and its natural enemy black shoulder green stink bug in Yuanjiang in 2020 and 2021, this study analyzed the daily dynamics, seasonal changes, interannual differences and night rhythm of rice planthopper and its natural enemy C. lividipennis to searchlight trap in Yuanjiang.

This study has obtained the following main results:

1.Analysis of the the daily occurrence dynamics of rice planthopper and its natural enemy C. lividipennis in 2021.

In 2021, compared with the Nilaparvata lugens, the Sogatella furcifera in Yuanjiang had a longer damage time and a larger amount of insects. The S. furcifera first appeared 16 days earlier than the N. lugens. The S. furcifera, N. lugens and C. lividipennis reached the peak of light on May 29, September 24 and September 23 respectively. The trapping amount of the two kinds of planthopper in the second half of the year was greater than that in the first half of the year, and during August to September, there were several catching peaks. It is preliminarily inferred that the immigratory periods of S. furcifera in Yuanjiang are about mid April and mid to late August, the emigratory periods are about mid to late May and late September to early October. The immigratory period of N. lugens are about mid to late May and mid to late September. The emigratory periods are about mid to late June and early October. The catching dynamics of C. lividipennis under the searchlight is basically synchronized with that of S. furcifera and N. lugens, and the date of super peak day of C. lividipennis and two kinds of rice planthopper is very close, indicating that the seasonal migration of C. lividipennis is consistent with that of the two kinds of planthopper. The annual peak dates of the two kinds of planthoppers on the blacklight lamp and the searchlight light are completely consistent, and several peak periods during the investigation are also very close, but the total amount of the two kinds of planthopper on the blacklight lamp is much greater than that on the searchlight lamp.

2.Analysis of the the interannual dynamic changes of rice planthopper and C. lividipennis, in Yuanjiang area from 2020 to 2021.

There was no obvious increase or decrease in the catching number of S. furcifera and C. lividipennis; The catching number of N. lugens in the searchlight trap decreased significantly. Compared with the previous year, the initial appearance period of the two kinds of planthoppers was slightly earlier, while the initial appearance period of C. lividipennis was delayed, but the initial appearance period of two years was later than that of S. furcifera and N. lugens. In both years, S. furcifera appeared several catching peaks in August and September, the number of S. furcifera in these two months accounted for 67.42% and 69.05% of 2020 and 2021 respectively. The catching peaks of N. lugens in both years were mainly concentrated in September, the number of N. lugens in that month accounted for 67.42% and 69.05% of 2020 and 2021 respectively. C. lividipennis reached the highest number of light insects in the whole year in September too, the number of C. lividipennis in September accounted for 60.89% and 58.25% of 2020 and 2021 respectively. The catching peak in searchlight trap in both years of C. lividipennis was very close to that of N. lugens, showing the phenomenon of accompanying migration.

3.Analysis of the the catching rhythm of rice planthopper and its natural enemy C. lividipennis in Yuanjiang.

The S. furcifera, N. lugens and C. lividipennis could be catched in each time period of whole night in 2020 and 2021. The three insects generally have 1-2 catching peaks at night, which are distributed in the first three hours (near to sunset, 19:30-21:30, nigth peak) and last one hour (near to sunrise, 6:30-7:30, morning peak), and the catching number of those three insects during this two period in whole year is significantly more than that in the middle of the night (21:30-06:30 (next day)), showing a "morning and night bimodal", means two peaks of catching over the night in searchlight trap. In general, the morning peak is larger than the night peak during the immigratory periods, and the night peak is larger than the morning peak during the emigratory periods.

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