随着消费水平升级与鲜果零售业态变革，农宅直销因其流通环节少与直线化经营的特点，成为现代鲜果供应链体系发展的重要模式。在此模式下，考虑到鲜果后熟性与易腐性特征，如何综合集成成熟度与物流销售环节决策，建立高效协同的采摘配送与销售体系，成为鲜果供应链领域共同关注的热点问题。基于此，本文在农宅直销模式下，以具有显著后熟特性的水蜜桃为例，以降低水蜜桃流通损耗与农户经营效益为研究目标，以基于成熟度的水蜜桃采摘配送与双渠道定价为重点研究问题，以揭示水蜜桃成熟度与采摘配送定价决策的耦合关系为突破口，按照“识别问题—定义问题—解决问题”的研究思路，围绕着“成熟度演化性—决策时空性—渠道交互性”的水蜜桃流通销售内在要求，运用模糊分类、时空网络、交替方向乘子法和消费者行为等理论方法，开展对水蜜桃成熟度判别方法、基于成熟度的水蜜桃采摘配送联合优化模型与求解算法，以及基于成熟度的水蜜桃双渠道定价决策研究。具体研究工作如下：
       （1）针对鲜果成熟度区间的模糊性与不确定性，以江苏省无锡市阳山镇“阳山蜜露”水蜜桃为例，研究基于聚核模糊分类的多维指标水蜜桃成熟度判别问题。首先识别水蜜桃成熟过程中影响显著的内部与外部指标，构建多维指标数据集；其次运用模糊分类理论，引入模糊区间重叠度调整隶属度函数属性参数，建立半梯半岭型水蜜桃成熟隶属度函数；最后提出聚核权规则融合相邻成熟区间重要信息，以降低相邻成熟区间的混淆性，构建基于聚核模糊分类的水蜜桃成熟度判别模型，为水蜜桃后续采摘配送与定价决策提供了科学可靠的理论基础。
       （2）针对水蜜桃成熟度演化性与订单履行时空耦合性，研究基于成熟度的水蜜桃采摘配送联合优化问题。首先挖掘采摘配送过程中成熟度与时间的关联关系，构建成熟度随时间演化模型；其次从时间与空间双重维度，明确成熟度与采摘配送决策的耦合性，应用时空网络理论方法，构建基于成熟度的水蜜桃采摘配送联合优化模型；最后针对水蜜桃成熟度、时空关联度和决策变量耦合特征，提出了基于交替方向乘子法的模型求解算法，为制定水蜜桃高质高效采摘配送计划提供了有效的建模方法。
       （3）针对水蜜桃采后成熟品质下降和货架期短特征，研究基于成熟度的水蜜桃双渠道定价问题。首先挖掘水蜜桃货架期内品质下降规律，构建基于成熟度的水蜜桃品质效用函数；其次针对水蜜桃“线上+线下”销售渠道特征，分析不同渠道成本效益差异性，引入水蜜桃品质效用函数，从捆绑定价管理视角，构建基于成熟度的水蜜桃双渠道定价模型；最后面向不同成熟度特征鲜果与消费群体，开展数值实验与仿真分析，为制定水蜜桃最优捆绑定价策略提供了科学的决策工具。
       本论文研究为农宅直销模式下水蜜桃采摘配送与定价决策问题提供了新的理论方法，提出的水蜜桃成熟度判别方法、采摘配送联合优化方法、双渠道定价方法，为形成创新的鲜果采摘配送与销售模式奠定了理论基础，对实现鲜果产销降本减耗增效、促进农产品上行体系建设、全面推进乡村振兴战略发展，具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。

       With the development of Internet technology and mobile payment, the farm-to-door mode with fewer intermediate links is crucial for modern fresh fruit supply chain system development. Considering the postharvest maturity characteristics and perishability of fresh fruit, an efficient collaboration of picking-distribution and marketing system is a hot research problem in academic communities. This thesis integrates the fresh fruit maturity and optimization decisions to establish a modern fresh fruit supply chain system.
       This thesis concentrates on peach picking-distribution and dual-channel pricing under farm-to-door mode, which has the significant postharvest maturity characteristic. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the decay cost and increase farmers’ income. The breakthrough of this thesis is the collaborative optimization condition between peach maturity and picking-distribution and pricing decisions. The thesis adopts a problem-solution approach with three steps that problem recognition, problem definition and problem solution. The research methodologies include fuzzy classification, time-space network, alternating direction method of multipliers and consumer behavior. This thesis investigates the peach maturity discrimination method, integrated picking and distribution method, and dual-channel pricing method by analyzing the maturity evolution, spatial-temporal decisions and channel interaction. In details, the studying works focus on three parts given below.
       (1) This thesis proposes a fuzzy classification with kernel clustering by using multi-dimensional indexes for ‘Yangshan Milu’ peach to reduce the fuzzy and uncertainty of maturity interval. Firstly, the significant indexes influencing peach maturity are identified to establish a multi-dimensional index data set. Then, the peach maturity membership functions of semi-ladder and semi-ridge are formulated based on fuzzy classification theory. The attribute parameters of the membership functions are adjusted by introducing the overlap degree of fuzzy regions. Finally, a weight vector group of kernel clustering is proposed to merge information at adjacent stages, which could improve the discrimination performance of peach maturity. This research achievement provides a scientific and reliable basis for peach picking-distribution and pricing decisions.
       (2) This thesis investigates the integrated optimization approach for peach picking and distribution based on maturity with consideration of maturity evolution and spatial-temporal decisions. First, the relationship between maturity and time is captured to formulate the peach maturity model. Then, the collaborative optimization condition between maturity and picking-distribution decisions is identified to develop a joint optimization model in the time-space network for peach picking and distribution based on maturity. Finally, an efficient algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers is designed to solve the proposed model. This research achievement provides an effective method for making optimal picking and distribution decisions.
       (3) This thesis addresses the dual-channel pricing problem for peach based on maturity with consideration of quality deterioration and multiple marketing channels. Firstly, the maturity quality deterioration trend in peach shelf life is investigated to formulate the quality utility function. Then, the cost-benefit differences between online and offline channels are analyzed to develop the dual-channel pricing model for peach. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out for fresh fruits and consumer groups with different characteristics. This research achievement provides a decision-making tool for the optimal peach bundle pricing strategy.
       In summary, this thesis provides an effective decision-making approach to assist peach picking-distribution and dual-channel pricing based on maturity under farm-to-door mode. The research achievements contain the peach maturity discrimination method, integrated picking and distribution model and solution algorithm, and dual-channel pricing strategy. These achievements could innovate the modern operation of fresh fruit supply chain, compress intermediate links for fresh fruit distributed to the upside, and advance rural vitalization on all fronts. Therefore, this thesis not only has great value theoretically, but also has high significance practically.

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