本试验旨在研究一水肌酸对肉鸭胴体组成、肉品质及宰后肌肉能量代谢的影响。探讨一水肌酸的可能作用机理，为一水肌酸在畜禽生产上的研究应用提供科学的理论依据。本试验共分为两部分： 第一部分主要研究对基础日粮采取不同的一水肌酸添加方案，研究其对肉鸭胴体组成、肉品质的影响。试验选用26日龄樱桃谷鸭360只，随机分为4组，Ⅰ组为对照组全期饲喂基础日粮；Ⅱ组为宰前5 d饲喂基础日粮+0.4% CMH；Ⅲ组宰前10 d饲喂基础日粮+0.1% CMH；Ⅳ组宰前前5 d饲喂基础日粮+0.4% CMH，随后5 d饲喂基础日粮+0.1% CMH。每个处理设置3个重复，每个重复30只。试验期为宰前10天。试验结束后，测定樱桃谷鸭胴体组成、肌肉常规营养组分分析、血清相关指标及相关肉品质指标。试验结果发现：日粮中添加一水肌酸对樱桃谷鸭的胴体组成无显著影响，但有提高瘦肉率，降低腹脂率的趋势。不同的添加方案对樱桃谷鸭血清相关的生化指标影响不同，与对照组相比，除Ⅱ组的肌酐含量显著高于对照组外(P<0.05)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的总蛋白含量、肌酐含量均无显著影响，但各添加方案的尿酸含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的白蛋白含量均低于对照组，其中Ⅳ组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05)。通过对樱桃谷鸭胸肌、腿肌进行常规营养组分分析发现，各添加方案对樱桃谷鸭肌肉常规营养的各指标均无显著影响。试验通过对樱桃谷鸭宰后胸肌及腿肌４ｈ内的pH变化研究发现，日粮一水肌酸的添加可以延缓宰后肌肉的pH下降，与对照组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胸肌宰后24 h的pH分别提高了0.01、0.03、0.04个pH单位；腿肌宰后24 h的pH，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别比对照组提高了0.09、0.07、0.18个pH单位，且Ⅳ组的胸肌、腿肌pH24h均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的胸肌亮度值分别增加了3.16%、5.31%、2.92%，且Ⅲ组与对照组间的差异显著(P<0.05)， Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的胸肌红色度值有下降趋势，但各组间差异均不显著，而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的胸肌黄色度值呈上升趋势，且Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间的差异显著(P<0.05)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的腿肌亮度值分别下降了3.81%、4.15%、7.12%；且Ⅳ组与对照组间的差异显著(P<0.05)；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的腿肌的红色度相比于对照组分别增加了19.12%、5.28%、9.22%，其中Ⅱ组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的腿肌的黄色度均有所增加，其中Ⅲ组与对照组间差异极显著(P<0.01)，Ⅱ、Ⅳ组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。日粮中一水肌酸的不同添加方案对樱桃谷鸭胸肌宰后滴水损失、蒸煮损失及剪切力均无显著影响，但有降低滴水损失的趋势。 第二部分主要研究日粮中采取不同一水肌酸添加方案对樱桃谷鸭宰后肌肉的能量代谢变化的影响。试验结果表明：不同的一水肌酸添加方案具有提高樱桃谷鸭宰后胸肌和腿肌的糖元含量，降低乳酸生成的趋势，一水肌酸的添加对糖原含量的影响不显著，但对乳酸含量的影响显著，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ试验组胸肌中的乳酸含量均显著低于对照组，分别下降了30.67%、26.67%、21.33% (P<0.05)，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组腿肌中乳酸含量均显著低于Ⅱ、对照组 (P<0.05)。一水肌酸的补充对肌肉中的肌酸激酶活性无显著影响。不同的一水肌酸添加方案对胸肌、腿肌中的磷酸腺苷酸含量无显著性影响。与对照组相比，除Ⅲ组的胸肌中肌酸水平下降3.89%外，其他添加一水肌酸的试验组樱桃谷鸭胸肌、腿肌中的肌酸、总肌酸池水平均有增加的趋势，其中各添加组胸肌的肌酸含量差异不显著，但Ⅱ、Ⅳ试验组胸肌的总肌酸水平均显著高于对照(P<0.05)，且Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间差异显著(P<0.05)；Ⅲ、Ⅳ试验组腿肌的肌酸含量显著高于对照组19.86%、19.16%(P<0.05)，且各添加组腿肌的总肌酸池水平均显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)；与对照组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ试验组一水肌酸的添加方案对樱桃谷鸭腿肌中磷酸肌酸的水平无显著影响，但显著提高了Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胸肌的磷酸肌酸水平(P<0.05)。饲喂一水肌酸的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉鸭血浆中肌酸含量分别提高了9.76%、17.07%、31.71%(P<0.05)，其中Ⅳ组差异显著。 以上结果表明：日粮中添加一水肌酸对樱桃谷鸭胴体组成无显著影响，但有提高瘦肉率，降低腹脂率的趋势；能够延缓宰后肌肉中乳酸的堆积，缓解pH的下降，不同的一水肌酸添加方案对胸肌、腿肌的作用效果不同，总体来说，Ⅳ组的添加方案对樱桃谷鸭的作用效果较其它组好。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of creatine monohydrate (CMH) supplementation on carcass characteristics, meat quality and energy metabolism of postmortem muscle in duck and to knowledge for the further research and reasonable utilization in livestock and poultry industry. The study included two parts and the general results are presented as follows: In the first part, an experiment was designed to study the effect of CMH on carcass composition and meat quality of meat duck. 360 healthy 26-d-old cherry valley ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 30 ducks in each replicate. Experimental treatments were as follows: I)the control diet; Ⅱ)the control diet with 0.4%CMH for 5 days before slaughter; Ⅲ)the control diet with 0.1%CMH for 10 days before slaughter; Ⅳ)the control diet with 0.4%CMH for 5 days followed by a control diet with 0.1%CMH for the next 5 days before slaughter. Carcass characteristics, serum biochemical parameter, the content of proximate nutrients in muscle and meat quality of cherry valley duck were determined after the trial period. Results showed that: CMH supplementation had no significant effects on carcass composition, but existed a trend of lean percentage increase and abdominal fat decrease in experimental groups compared with the control. Different volume of CMH supplementations have different effects on serum biochemical parameter of cherry valley duck. CMH supplementation had no significant effects on total protein . About the creatinine level in serum, groupⅡ was significantly different from the normal group. Meanwhile, the content of uric acid showed a downward trend and were significantly different with the normal group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of albumin of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were decreased, and group Ⅳ was siginificantly decreased(P<0.05). By analyzing the content of proximate nutrient s in pectoralis, leg muscle of cherry valley duck, we found that CMH supplementations have no siginificant effect on it. Through the analysis of pectoralis and leg muscle pH changes within 4 h postmortem, we found that the supplementation of CMH could delay the pH decline in postmortem muscle. No matter which dosing regimen, CMH supplementation improved the pH24h in breast and leg muscle, compared with the normal group. Breast pH24h in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳincreased by0.01, 0.03, 0.04unit, respectively, and leg pH24h in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ increased by 0.01, 0.03, 0.04unit, respectively. pH24h in breast and leg muscle of group Ⅳ was significant diffefence(P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, the breast muscle L* in all the CMH supplementations were increased by 3.16%, 5.31%, 2.92% respectively, and group Ⅲ was siginificantly increased(P<0.05); Different volume of CMH supplementations have no siginificant decreased on a*, but the breast muscle b* present a rising trend, especially group Ⅲ, Ⅳ was significant difference between group Ⅱ and the control group(P<0.05). The leg muscle L* in groupⅣ was siginificant decreased by 7.12% compare to normal group, while group Ⅱ, Ⅲ decreased by 3.81%, 4.15% respectively; the leg muscle a*, b* in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were all increased, and there were significant difference between a*, b* in group Ⅱ and normal group(P<0.05), b* in group Ⅲ(P<0.01), group Ⅳ(P<0.05) and normal group. Different volume of CMH supplementations have no significant influence on the drop loss, cooking loss and shear force in breast muscle. In the second part, the experiment was designed to study the effects of different supplementation on the energy metabolism of postmortem muscle. Results showed that glycogen contents of breast and leg muscle in each of experimental groups were higher than those of the control, and the lactic acid showed a downward trend, while glycogen contents were not significantly affected. The lactic acid in breast and muscle in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳwere significantly decreased by 30.67%(P<0.05), 26.67%(P<0.05), 21.33%(P<0.05) respectively, than that in the normal group. The content of the lactic acid in leg muscle of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly lower than that of group Ⅱand the control group(P<0.05). CMH supplementation have no significant effect on creatine kinase activity and adenosine phosphate content of breast and leg muscle. The content of creatine, and the total creatine pool in breast and leg muscle were all higher than that of the control except the creatine level in breast muscle of group Ⅲ was lower by 3.89%. Though the creatine level in breast muscle were not significantly increased, but the total creatine pool level were significantly increased than normal group (P<0.05). Compare to the normal group, the creatine level in leg muscle in group Ⅲ, were significantly increased by 19.86%(P<0.05), 19.16%(P<0.05), respectively, and the total creatine pool level in leg muscle of exeperiment groups were all significant increased (P<0.05). The content of phosphocreatine in leg muscle was not significantly different in different level of CMH supplementation, but the content of phosphocreatine in breast muscle of groupⅢ, Ⅳwere significantly increased compared with the normal group(P<0.05). The blood creatine level was improved by 9.76%, 17.07% and 31.71%(P<0.05), respectively in groupⅡ, Ⅲ, Ⅳwith different CMH supplementation, and significant difference was found between group Ⅳ and the control. According to above results, CMH supplementation had no significant effect on the carcass characteristics of cherry valley duck, while it tend to increase of lean meat rate and the decrease of abdominal fat rate. Meanwhile it can decrease lactic acid accumulation and delay pH decline postmortem. Different volume of CMH supplementation have different effects on breast and leg muscle. As a whole, the adding protocol of group Ⅳ(the control diet with 0.4%CMH for 5 days followed by a control diet with 0.1%CMH for the next 5 days before slaughter) was better than the others.