丁噻隆属于苯脲除草剂，是一种光合作用的抑制剂，在国外已成为常规除草剂。广泛应用于大麦、小麦、棉花、甘蔗、胡萝卜田中防除一年生杂草。本论文研究了丁噻隆原药的吸附、淋溶和土壤降解等环境行为特性，为丁噻隆环境风险评价与环境污染控制提供相应的生态环境资料和科学依据。 毒草胺属于氯乙酰胺类除草剂，是细胞分裂抑制剂，应用于玉米、棉花、大豆、花生、蔬菜田中防除一年生禾本科杂草及某些阔叶杂草。在国外，部分学者对其施用后的环境归趋进行了相关的研究，但在国内尚未见其相关报道。因此，有必要对其在我国典型土壤环境中的行为进行研究，以评价其可能产生的环境污染风险。 第一，文献综述中详细介绍了农药在土壤中吸附和降解的研究方法、吸附机理、影响因素等，并对丁噻隆、毒草胺的性质、用途和国内外的研究状况进行了介绍和评述。 第二，建立了高效液相色谱法测定土壤中丁噻隆、毒草胺的简易残留检测方法。丁噻隆、毒草胺测定采用甲醇∶水=50∶50为流动相。结果表明丁噻隆、毒草胺在各浓度水平的添加回收率分别为84.7%～102％，83.6%～89.7％，在土壤和水中的最小检测浓度分别为0.05 mg/kg和0.05 mg/L，符合现代农药残留分析要求。 第三，研究了丁噻隆、毒草胺在不同pH值和温度条件下的水解特性，对其在水溶液中的降解途径做了初步探讨。结果表明：丁噻隆在不同条件下的水解速率差异不大。丁噻隆在水溶液难降解，具有较强的化学稳定性。在酸性条件下水解率略高于碱性条件，总体来讲，酸度对其的水解作用影响较小。当pH=9时，温度对丁噻隆的水解速率有一定影响，温度增加，水解速率加快；其它条件下，温度的影响较小。 毒草胺在弱酸性（pH=5.0）或中性条件下，水解明显高于碱性条件。水解反应速率常数随温度的升高而增大，且其水解均能满足一级动力学方程。在常温下，毒草胺难降解。 丁噻隆、毒草胺在3种不同类型土壤中的降解动力学特性结果表明：丁噻隆在江西红壤、东北黑土和太湖水稻土中的降解半衰期依次为111.8d、115.5d、91.2d，难降解。毒草胺的降解半衰期依次为46.5d、11.0d、6.4d，在有机质含量高的东北黑土中容易降解，主要是微生物降解。 第四，分别采用振荡平衡法和柱淋溶法研究了丁噻隆在土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性及其影响因素，结果表明，丁噻隆在5种土壤上的吸附特性能较好的用线性吸附等温线拟合，吸附常数Kd值在0.19～2.87 mLg-1之间，Kd<5，属难吸附农药。影响丁噻隆在土壤中吸附的因素主要是土壤有机质含量。有机质含量越高，吸附越强。丁噻隆在土壤中具有较强的淋溶性。 第五，研究了毒草胺在土壤中的吸附，淋溶行为及影响因素，并与丁噻隆的吸附行为进行了比较，发现毒草胺与丁噻隆在土壤中的吸附和淋溶行为相似，不易被土壤持留，容易淋溶。

Tebuthiuron, belongs to phenylurea herbicides, is an inhibitor of photosynthesis. it has become a conventional herbicides abroad and widely used in barley, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, carrots for control the annual weeds. The adsorption, leaching and degradation characters of tebuthiuron was studied in this paper. This is provided the scientific information for environmental risk assessment and environmental pollution control in china. Propachlor, an acetyl chloride herbicides, is a cell division inhibitor and active against annual grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds in corn, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, vegetables. Some foreign scholars research their environmental fate after application, but in our country, it is still a blank. Therefore, it is necessary to research its behavior in the typical soils, to evaluate their possible exposure to environmental pollution. First, the literatural review described in detail research methods of the adsorption and degradation, adsorption mechanism, influencing factors of pesticides in soils and so on. The properties, useage and research status at home and abroad of tebuthiuron, propachlor are introduced and reviewed. Second, a method for determining the residue of tebuthiuron, propachlor in soils was established by HPLC. It use methanol: water=50:50 as mobile phase. The results showed the recoveries of tebuthiuron, propachlor in each concentration levels were 84.7%~102.0%, 83.6%~89.7% respectively; it meets modern pesticide residue analysis technology trends. Third, the hydrolysis kinetics and mechanism of tebuthiuron, propachlor were studied in aqueous solution with different pH values and temperature. Results were observed as follow: hydrolysis rate of tebuthiuron does not differ greatly under different conditions. It is stable in aqueous solution. The hydrolysis rate of tebuthiuron may be faster under the condition of acidic than alkaline. Generally speaking, the acidity was less affected. Under the condition of alkaline, the temperature has a certain effect. The higher temperature, the quicker hydrolysis is. The hydrolysis rate of propachlor may be faster in the buffer solutions of pH5 and pH7 than alkaline. The higher temperature, the quicker hydrolysis is. It could be concluded that propachlor was stable at room temperature in neutral solution. Degradation of tebuthiuron and propachlor in soils was mainly carried out in three kinds of soils which were Northeast china black soil, Jiangsu Taihu paddy soil and Jiangxi red soil. The results showed: the degradation half-life order of tebuthiuron were111.8, 115.5, 91.2d separately. The degradation half-life of propachlor was 46.5, 11.0, 6.4d separately. Tebuthiuron and propachlor were degraded relatively easy in Northeast china black soil. Microbial degradation was the main degradation of tebuthiuron and propachlor. Fourth, adsorption/leaching characteristics and influencing factors of tebuthiuron in soils was studied by oscillation balance method and the column leach respectively. The results showed tebuthiuron was hard to be absorbed by soil (Kd values ranged from 0.16 to 2.87 L/kg), and its adsorption could finally be denoted by linear isotherm, Adsorption of tebuthiuron was primarily related to the soil organic matter content. Tebuthiuron was easy to be leached into lower surface soil and brought some risks to groundwater. Fifth, adsorption/leaching behavior and influencing factors of propachlor in soils was studied. Adsorption and leaching behavior of tebuthiuron and propachlor are similar in soil. They are easy to leaching.