我国老龄化程度日益加深，养老已成为社会关注的焦点。在人口老龄化、生育率下降以及空巢现象等多重因素的交织影响下，对养老服务的需求达到了前所未有的高度。同时，子女在养老方面的压力日益沉重，特别是对于那些只有一个子女或者没有子女的家庭来说，这一问题更加严峻，使得传统的家庭养老模式遭遇了诸多挑战和困难。在养老需求持续增长而家庭养老能力却不断减弱的背景下，养老问题愈发尖锐，养老服务的供需矛盾也日益加剧。传统的养老模式和养老服务体系面临着巨大挑战，创新养老模式已然成为解决人口老龄化难题的必然要求。为了摆脱传统养老困境，各地都开始探索智慧养老服务供给的新路径。但鉴于智慧养老服务项目具有资金投入量大、建设难度高以及服务种类开发困难等特性，无论是政府还是市场，单独一方都难以独自承担起提供智慧养老服务的重任。因此在国家和地方政府政策引导下，很多地区都将智慧养老服务供给中引入公私合作。而且智慧养老服务中公私合作供给，一方面可以帮助政府减轻财政压力、提高智慧养老服务供给中的质量和效率；另一方面社会资本方通过参与智慧养老供给，可以帮助其在养老市场领域中保持竞争优势、不断占据市场份额，同时还可以提升企业品牌形象和影响力。

本文以资源依赖理论、利益相关者理论和契约理论为基础，构建情境-过程-结果分析框架，探究智慧养老服务供给中公私合作的实践。然后以南京市江宁区智慧养老服务供给中公私合作供给为案例进行分析，深入探究智慧养老服务供给中公私合作的情境、过程和结果。智慧养老服务公私合作供给情境包含政策背景和现实推动。南京市江宁区智慧养老服务公私合作供给过程经历了两个阶段，最终建立起政府主导下服务方、监管方和平台方三方分离的合作模式。智慧养老服务公私合作供给采用特许经营、委托运营和服务外包三种运行方式，公私双方分别有各自的权力和利益行动逻辑驱动行为，在互动过程中产生一些核心关系。在智慧养老服务公私合作供给的实际运作中出现了公私合作困境，主要包括企业独立自主匮乏、协商谈判成本较高、企业收益率较低、监管存在着不合理、风险管理控制不足五个方面，同时对这些问题进行归因分析。最后针对所出现的问题提出完善法律体系建设，加强顶层设计；平衡公私双方地位，明晰双方职责；合理配置剩余控制权，构建公私合作机制；建立相关专业机构，加强人才队伍建设等建议；解决智慧养老服务公私合作供给的困境。本文通过探究智慧养老服务供给中公私合作实践可以为其他地区提供参考，助力智慧养老服务供给效率提升，更好地满足老年人多元化养老需求。

The aging population in our country is increasingly deepening, and elderly care has become a focus of social attention. Under the intertwined influence of multiple factors such as aging population, declining fertility rate, and empty nest phenomenon, the demand for elderly care services has reached an unprecedented height. At the same time, the pressure on children in terms of elderly care is becoming increasingly heavy, especially for families with only one child or no children. This problem is even more severe, making the traditional family elderly care model face many challenges and difficulties. Against the backdrop of continuously increasing demand for elderly care while the ability of families to provide for the elderly continues to weaken, the issue of elderly care has become increasingly acute, and the supply-demand contradiction in elderly care services has also intensified. The traditional elderly care model and service system are facing enormous challenges, and innovative elderly care models have become an inevitable requirement to solve the problem of population aging. In order to overcome the difficulties of traditional elderly care, various regions have begun to explore new paths for the supply of smart elderly care services. However, given the characteristics of large capital investment, high construction difficulty, and difficulty in developing service types for smart elderly care service projects, neither the government nor the market can undertake the responsibility of providing smart elderly care services alone. Therefore, under the guidance of national and local government policies, many regions have introduced public-private partnerships in the supply of smart elderly care services. Moreover, the public-private partnership in providing smart elderly care services can help the government alleviate financial pressure and improve the quality and efficiency of smart elderly care service supply; On the other hand, social capital can help maintain a competitive advantage and continuously occupy market share in the elderly care market by participating in the supply of smart elderly care. At the same time, it can also enhance the brand image and influence of the enterprise.

This article is based on the resource dependence theory, stakeholder theory, and contract theory, and constructs a context process outcome analysis framework to explore the practice of public-private cooperation in the supply of smart elderly care services. Then, taking the supply of smart elderly care services in Jiangning District, Nanjing as a case study, this paper analyzes the context, process, and results of public-private cooperation in the supply of smart elderly care services. The supply scenario of public-private partnership in smart elderly care services includes policy background and practical factors. The public-private partnership supply process of smart elderly care services in Jiangning District, Nanjing has gone through two stages, and finally established a government led cooperation model that separates service providers, regulators, and platform providers. The supply of smart elderly care services through public-private partnerships adopts three operating modes: franchising, commissioned operation, and service outsourcing. Both the public and private parties have their own rights and interests, and their actions are driven by logical actions, resulting in some core relationships during the interaction process. In the actual operation of public-private partnership supply of smart elderly care services, there have been difficulties in public-private partnership, mainly including the lack of enterprise independence, high negotiation costs, low enterprise profitability, unreasonable supervision, and insufficient risk management control. At the same time, attribution analysis is conducted on these problems. Finally, it is proposed to improve the construction of the legal system and strengthen top-level design in response to the problems that have arisen; Balance the status of both public and private parties, clarify their responsibilities; Reasonably allocate residual control rights and establish a public-private partnership mechanism; Suggestions on establishing relevant professional institutions and strengthening the construction of talent teams; Resolve the dilemma of public-private partnership in providing smart elderly care services. This article explores the practice of public-private partnerships in the supply of smart elderly care services, which can provide reference for other regions, help improve the efficiency of smart elderly care service supply, and better meet the diversified elderly care needs.

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