本翻译实践报告基于《文化遗产面临的气候与环境威胁》（Climatic and Environmental Threats to Cultural Heritage）的汉译任务撰写而成。翻译的源文本主要阐述了突发性和长期性的环境变化对物质文化遗产保护所带来的挑战。其中，第七章分析了印度—亚太地区文化遗产面临的风险，并强调了个人叙述对理解气候变化影响的重要性。第八章总结了专业机构在气候危机中的应对措施。后文的案例分析也主要选自于这两章文本。本报告基于尤金·A·奈达（Eugene A. Nida，1964）的功能对等理论（Functional Equivalence），从语义再现与读者反应对等的核心理念出发，聚焦词汇、句法、语篇三个层面探讨翻译进程中复杂逻辑关系的功能对等问题。通过运用语态转换、增译、分译等翻译方法，本研究旨在为文化遗产文本翻译领域提供可借鉴的翻译策略与方法论范式，尤其为解决跨文化交际中因语言形式差异导致的文化内涵流失问题提供实践思路，同时为相关专业领域的学术文本翻译建立规范化、系统化的操作框架。

本次翻译实践报告由五部分组成：引言、翻译过程、理论框架、案例分析、总结。本报告以文化遗产文本为分析对象，基于功能对等理论框架，探讨了其在词汇、句法及语篇层面的翻译策略。研究发现，奈达的功能对等理论在文化遗产翻译中具有重要指导意义，能够有效帮助译者平衡内容与形式的对等关系。具体而言，研究揭示了：在词汇层面，专有名词和文化负载词的翻译可采用约定俗成、意译等方法；在句法层面，句子翻译往往需要拆分、词性转换、语态转换以及基于英汉差异的语序调整；在语篇层面，为确保内容一致性与逻辑连贯性，笔者主要通过增译和各种衔接手段来保持原文风格与目标语读者期待之间的平衡。研究进一步证实，当内容与形式难以兼顾时，优先确保内容对等更能实现跨文化交际的预期效果。

本报告具有一定的学术价值和实践意义。首先，功能对等理论强调译文应使目标语读者产生与源语读者相似的反应，这为文化遗产翻译提供了较为坚实的理论支撑。通过研究如何在翻译中实现功能对等，可以进一步探讨跨文化交际中的语言转换问题，尤其是文化负载词、历史背景和习俗的处理方法。这不仅丰富了翻译理论的研究内容，也为后续学者提供了可借鉴的研究思路和方法。此外，文化遗产文本的翻译实践有助于准确传递文化内涵，促进文化多样性的保护与传播。在功能对等理论的指导下，通过意译、加注等策略，能够有效解决文化差异带来的翻译难题，为文化遗产的国际传播提供较高质量的译文。同时，这一实践也为相关领域的翻译工作提供了具体的操作方法和经验参考，具有实践意义。

This translation practice report is based on the Chinese translation task of Climatic and Environmental Threats to Cultural Heritage. The source text primarily discusses the challenges posed by both sudden and long-term environmental changes to the preservation of tangible cultural heritage. Chapter 7 analyzes the risks to cultural heritage in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region and emphasizes the importance of personal narratives in understanding the impacts of climate change. Chapter 8 summarizes the responses of professional institutions to the climate crisis. The case studies in subsequent sections are mainly selected from these two chapters. Guided by Eugene A. Nida (1964) 's Functional Equivalence Theory, this report explores functional equivalence in translation at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels, based on the core concepts of semantic reproduction and reader-response equivalence. By employing translation techniques such as voice conversation, amplification, and division, this study aims to provide referential translation strategies and methodological paradigms for cultural heritage text translation. It particularly offers practical insights into addressing the loss of cultural connotations caused by linguistic formal differences in cross-cultural communication, while establishing a standardized and systematic operational framework for academic text translation in related fields.

The thesis consists of five sections: introduction, translation process, theoretical framework, case studies, and conclusion. Taking cultural heritage texts as the analytical subject, this report explores translation strategies at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels within the framework of Functional Equivalence Theory. The findings demonstrate that Nida's theory holds significant guiding value for cultural heritage translation, effectively helping translators balance content-form equivalence. Specifically, the study reveals: At the lexical level, proper nouns and culture-loaded terms can be translated using conventional equivalents or liberal translation methods; At the syntactic level, sentence translation often requires division, part-of-speech  conversion, voice conversion, and word order adjustments based on English-Chinese linguistic differences; At the discourse level, to ensure consistency and logical coherence, amplification and cohesive devices are primarily employed to balance the original style and target readers' expectations. The study further confirms that when content and form are difficult to reconcile, prioritizing content equivalence better achieves the intended effect of cross-cultural communication.

The thesis possesses both academic value and practical significance. Firstly, Functional Equivalence Theory emphasizes that the translation should elicit a response from target readers similar to that of source readers, providing a solid theoretical foundation for cultural heritage translation. By studying how to achieve functional equivalence in translation, we can further explore language transformation issues in cross-cultural communication, particularly in handling culture-loaded terms, historical contexts, and customs. This not only enriches translation theory research but also provides referential research thinking and approaches for subsequent scholars. Furthermore, the practice of cultural heritage text translation helps accurately convey cultural connotations and promotes the preservation and dissemination of cultural diversity. Under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory, strategies such as  free translation and annotation can effectively resolve translation challenges arising from cultural differences, producing higher-quality translations for the international dissemination of cultural heritage. Simultaneously, this practice offers concrete operational methods and experiential references for translation work in related fields, demonstrating practical significance.

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外文论文

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