荷花（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.）为莲科莲属植物，分布广泛，种类繁多，深受人们喜爱。根据其实用性可分为花莲、藕莲、子莲三类，藕莲和子莲以生产藕、莲子为主，经济价值高，多为单瓣，观赏价值低；花莲以观赏为主，尤以重瓣型品种观赏价值最佳，但重瓣型荷花大多结实能力差。而赏食兼用型荷花（重瓣型子莲品种）不仅具有较高的观赏价值，并可收获莲子，兼具经济价值，具有广阔的应用前景，但目前该类品种十分稀少，远远无法满足产业的需求，亟待培育更多赏食兼用型荷花新品种。为此，本研究以68份重瓣型荷花品种资源为试验材料，统计其天然结实与自交结实能力，并探明影响重瓣型荷花结实的主要原因，同时，结合观赏性与食用性，对其进行系统调查与评价，筛选出可用于赏食兼用及其他应用类型的品种，为赏食兼用型荷花的育种及重瓣型荷花种质资源的发掘利用提供科学依据，具有重要的现实意义。主要研究结果如下：

1.通过对比分析供试材料的天然结实和自交结实情况发现：（1）68份材料中约90%的品种能天然结实，70%的品种能自交结实，不同品种结实能力差异显著，天然结实在结实率、座果率、单花结实数方面均高于自交结实；（2）根据不同品种结实能力差异，筛选出同时兼具高天然结实与高自交结实特性的品种共6个（‘满堂红’、‘星空牡丹’、‘粉魁’等），此类种质单独大面积栽培时，可具备稳定的结实率；兼具高天然结实与低自交结实特性的品种共4个（‘粉千叶’、‘娇容醉杯’、‘Blushing Bridge’、‘芙蓉秋色’），此类种质在配置授粉品种的情况下可大面积栽培；以及兼具低天然结实与低自交结实特性的完全不能用于结实栽种的品种共15个（‘普者黑白荷’、‘极光’、‘欢庆’等）；（3）通过对比自交结实率高、中低、不结实3类典型品种后发现，花粉活力高、花粉量大、花丝数多、雄蕊瓣化程度低的重瓣型荷花往往具有更高的结实率，心皮数量与结实率无明显关系；（4）分析其传粉特性后发现，荷花不适于风媒传粉，东方蜜蜂和鼻蝇是南京地区影响荷花异花传粉结实的主要传粉昆虫，其访花时间集中于上午6：00-11：00，且更倾向于访问散粉期花朵，其中，东方蜜蜂因数量众多，飞行能力强且携带花粉篮，从而具有更高的传粉效率。

2.采用层次分析法(AHP)对供试材料的观赏价值、结实率和莲子品质等进行评价，以建立赏食兼用型重瓣荷花综合评价体系。结果表明：（1）“结实及果实特征”和“花部特征”是影响赏食兼用型荷花评价的关键性因子，权重占比最高；（2）根据综合得分，可将68份种质分为4个等级（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ），分别包含3、22、30和13个品种，其中，Ⅰ级最佳，总得分≥4，包含‘满堂红’、‘星空牡丹’、‘粉千叶’3个品种，可作为赏食兼用型荷花初选品种或育种材料；（3）将初选的3个赏食兼用型品种与目前生产上主栽的子莲品种‘金芙蓉1号’、‘建选35号’和‘太空莲36号’比较后发现，3个赏食兼用型品种莲子外观品质的横径和质量显著低于子莲品种，营养品质方面均具备一定的可食用性；其中，‘满堂红’外观品质较好，食味表现不足，‘星空牡丹’外观品质不足，食味表现最佳，‘粉千叶’综合表现不足；（4）以不同约束层得分前10为划分依据，分别筛选出‘披针红’、‘小披针红’、‘红蜻蜓14’等10个表现较好的观花品种，‘满堂红’、‘星空牡丹’、‘粉千叶’等10个结籽品种，以及‘大洒锦’、‘江南碧菡’、‘翠微之照’等10个赏蓬品种，以满足不同的生产需求。

The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), a kind of plant belonging to Nelumbo in Nelumbonaceae, is widely distributed, has a wide cultivars of species, and is loved by people. According to its practicality, it can be divided into three categories: flower lotus, rhizome lotus and seed lotus, the rhizome lotus and seed lotus are mainly for the production of roots and seeds, which have high economic value, mostly single-petalled and low ornamental value; flower lotus is mainly ornamental, especially the double-petalled cultivars has the best ornamental value, but most of the double-petalled lotus have poor seed setting ability. However, the both edible and ornamental lotus (the double-petalled seed lotus cultivars) not only has high ornamental value, but also can harvest lotus seeds, which has both economic value and broad application prospects, at present, such cultivars are very scarce and far from satisfying the needs of the industry, and it is urgent to cultivate more new cultivars of lotus for both edible and ornamental. In this study, 68 double-petalled lotus cultivars were used as experimental materials to count their natural and self-fertilization seed setting abilities, to find out the main reasons that affecting the seed setting of double-petalled lotus. Combined with ornamental and edible properties to conduct a systematic investigation and evaluation, so as to filter out the cultivars that can be used for both edible and ornamental or other application types. It is of great practical significance to provide scientific basis for the breeding of both edible and ornamental lotus and utilization and utilization of double-petalled lotus germplasm resources. The main results of the study are as follows:

1. Through comparative analysis of the natural and self-fertilization seed setting of tested materials, it is found that: (1) About 90% of the 68 materials can be natural seed setting and 70% can be self-fertilization seed setting with significant differences in seed setting ability among different cultivars, and natural seed setting was higher than self-fertilization seed setting in terms of seed setting rate, fruit setting rate and number of seed setting per flower; (2) Based on the differences in seed setting ability among different cultivars, a total of 6 cultivars with both high natural seed setting and high self-fertilization seed setting were selected ('Mantanghong', ' Xingkong Mudan', ' Fenkui ', etc.), which can have stable seed setting rate when cultivated alone in large areas; and there are 4 cultivars with both high natural seed setting and low self-fertilization seed setting ('Fenqianye', 'Jiaorong Zuibei', 'Blushing Bridge', 'Furong Qiuse'.), which can be cultivated in large areas with pollinator cultivars; 15 cultivars with low natural seed setting and low self-fertilization seed setting types that cannot be planted for seed setting at all ('Puzhehei Baihe', 'Jiguang', 'Huanqing', etc.); (3) By comparing 3 typical cultivars of high seed setting type, low seed setting type and no seed setting type, we found that the double-petalled lotus with high pollen vitality, large pollen quantity, high filament count and low stamen petalization tended to have a higher seed setting rate, the number of carpels had no significant relationship with the seed setting rate; (4) After analyzing its pollination characteristics, we found that lotus is not suitable for wind pollination, Apis cerana and nostrils fly are the main pollinating insects affecting lotus cross-pollination in Nanjing, their visiting time is concentrated between 6:00-11:00 a.m, and tend to visit flowers during the dispersal period, among them, A. cerana has higher pollination efficiency due to their larger number, strong flight ability and carrying pollen baskets.

2. The ornamental value, seed setting rate and seed quality of the tested materials were evaluated by using Analytic hierarchy process(AHP), so as to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for both edible and ornamental lotus. The results showed that: (1) Seed setting and seed characteristics and floral characteristics were the key factors affecting evaluation of the lotus for edible and ornamental, with highest weight; (2) According to the comprehensive score, 68 germplasms were divided into 4 grades(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ), including 3, 22, 30 and 13 cultivars respectively, among which, grade Ⅰ is the best with total score ≥ 4, containing 3 cultivars of 'Mantanghong', 'Xingkong Mudan' and 'Fenqianye', which can be used as preliminary selection of both edible and ornamental lotus cultivars or breeding materials; (3) After comparing three preliminary selected cultivars with mainly planted in production seed lotus 'Jinfurong 1', 'Jianxuan 35' and 'Taikonglian 36', it was found that the transverse diameter and quality of appearance character of three both edible and ornamental cultivars seeds were significantly lower than seed lotus, and they all have edible quality to some extent in nutritional character. Among them, 'Mantanghong' has good appearance quality and insufficient taste performance, 'Xingkong Mudan' has insufficient appearance quality and the best taste performance, 'Fenqianye' has insufficient comprehensive performance; (4) Based on top 10 scores of different constraint layers, 10 cultivars with better performance were selected separately, such as flower ornamental cultivars 'Pizhenhong', 'Xiao Pizhenhong', 'Hongqingting 14', etc.; seed setting cultivars 'Mantanghong', 'Xingkong Mudan', 'Fenqianye', etc.; and seedpod ornamental cultivars 'Dasaijin', 'Jiangnan Bihan', 'Cuiwei Zhizhao', etc., so as to satisfy different production needs.

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