中华绒螯蟹，又名河蟹、大闸蟹，隶属于节肢动物门（Arthropoda）、甲壳纲(Crustacea)、十足目(Decapoda)、方蟹科(Grapsiodea)、绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir)，具有滋味鲜美、营养价值丰富、深受消费者青睐等特点，是我国重要的经济养殖水产品，2022年全国中华绒螯蟹的养殖产量已达81万吨。阳澄湖大闸蟹是中华绒螯蟹中最为著名的地理标志品牌，因其利润空间大且供不应求，市场经常出现“洗澡蟹”等使用普通蟹假冒阳澄湖大闸蟹，欺骗消费者的现象，这损害了地理标志产品的声誉、消费者的利益，扰乱了水产品市场秩序的正常运行。因此，采取科学的手段对阳澄湖原产蟹和“洗澡蟹”进行鉴别以确保其生产者和消费者的利益，维持产业的健康可持续发展至关重要。先前，已有不少研究基于几何形态测量学、矿质元素“指纹”和稳定同位素“指纹”对中华绒螯蟹进行产地和养殖模式鉴别，也有研究涉及阳澄湖原产蟹和“洗澡蟹”的区分，但是目前尚未有研究探索中华绒螯蟹在“洗澡”这一过程中的产地特征的动态变化。所以，本论文将从中华绒螯蟹的背甲形态、第三步足微化学“指纹”角度分析“洗澡蟹”的产地特征变化，为阳澄湖大闸蟹和其他地理标志产品的保护提供更详实的理论支撑。本论文的主要研究结果如下：

1.   本研究基于地标点法选取中华绒螯蟹背甲上35个地标点，比较分析了“洗澡”式养殖第0、7、14、30天时昆山池塘和阳澄湖湖区的原产蟹与“洗澡蟹”的背甲形态变化。结果显示，“洗澡”式养殖不同阶段的中华绒螯蟹的背甲形态存在差异，“洗澡蟹”会逐渐缩小与原产蟹的形态差异，但在“洗澡”一个月后原产蟹与“洗澡蟹”仍存在形态差异，对原产蟹与“洗澡蟹”判别准确率仍可达100%，“洗澡蟹”不会具有原产蟹的形态特征。

2.   使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定中华绒螯蟹第三步足整体组织的矿质元素并对其比较分析，发现“洗澡”式养殖一个月前后“洗澡蟹”与原产蟹的元素含量均存在显著差异。昆山池塘和阳澄湖湖区的“洗澡蟹”在“洗澡”过程中，元素特征都会发生变化，但其元素特征与原产蟹始终存在差异，“洗澡”式养殖会影响非阳澄湖蟹的元素特征，但不会使其具有原产蟹的产地元素特征。

3.   使用稳定同位素比质谱仪对阳澄湖原产及“洗澡”中华绒螯蟹第三步足内C、N同位素的分析表明“洗澡”一定程度上影响了中华绒螯蟹的同位素组成，使其与原产蟹趋近，但是“洗澡蟹”不会具有原产蟹的产地特征。稳定同位素技术具有进行产地溯源和养殖模式鉴别的潜力，但仅使用C、N同位素开展研究具有一定的局限性，还需结合更多的溯源指标和溯源方式才能更好地进行地理标志产品的保护。

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), also known as river crab and hairy crab, belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsiodea and Eriocheir. It has the characteristics of delicious taste, rich nutritional value and favored by consumers. It is an important economic aquaculture aquatic product in China. In 2022, the breeding output of Chinese mitten crabs in China has reached 810,000 tons. Yangcheng Lake hairy crab is the most famous geographical indication brand in Chinese mitten crabs. Because of its large profit margin and insufficient supply, the sale of fake Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs (especially “bathed crabs”) could be frequently found in market. This situation damages the reputation of the geographical indication product and the interests of consumers, as well as disrupts the normal operation of the aquatic product market order. Therefore, it is very important to adopt scientific methods to identify the genuine crabs and “bathed crabs” in Yangcheng Lake to ensure the interests of their producers and consumers, and to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of the crab industry. Previously, many studies have identified the origin locations and culture modes of E. sinensis based on approaches of geometric morphometry, mineral element “fingerprint” and stable isotope “fingerprint”. Several studies have also involved the distinction between genuine and “bathed crabs” of the Yangcheng Lake. However, there is no research to exactly explore the dynamic changes on morphology and chemistry of “bathed crabs” during the process of “bathing” in the Yangcheng Lake origin water area. Therefore, this paper will monitor the changes of morphology and chemistry characteristics for “bathed crabs” by their carapace morphology and microchemical “fingerprint” of the third pereiopod. It is hoped that the present study can provide more detailed theoretical support for the protection of genuine Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs and other geographical indication products. The main results of this thesis are as follows:

1.   In this study, based on the landmark-based geometric morphometrics, 35 landmarks on the carapace of Chinese mitten crabs were selected to compare and analyze the morphological changes of the carapace of genuine crabs and “bathed crabs” in Kunshan high-standard modified aquaculture ponds and Yangcheng Lake area at the 0, 7, 14 and 30 days of one-month “bathing” culture period. The results showed that there were differences in the carapace morphology of E. sinensis at different stages of “bathing” culture. The morphological differences between “bathed crabs” and genuine crabs were gradually narrowed. However, after one-month of “bathing”, there were still morphological differences between genuine crabs and “bathed crabs”. The accuracy of discrimination between genuine crabs and “bathed crabs” was still 100 %. The “bathed crabs” could not own the morphological characteristics of genuine crabs.

2.   Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was comparatively used to determine the mineral elements in the whole tissue of the third pereiopod of genuine crabs and “bathed crabs” in Kunshan high-standard modified aquaculture ponds and Yangcheng Lake area. It was found that there were significant differences in the element contents between the “bathed crabs” and the genuine crabs before and after one month of “bathing” culture. Although the element characteristics of “bathed crab” during the “bathing” process in Kunshan high-standard modified aquaculture ponds and Yangcheng Lake area, their element characteristics were still significantly different from those of genuine crabs. “Bathing” culture will affect the element characteristics of non-Yangcheng Lake crabs to some extent, but it would not make them to own the same element characteristics of genuine crabs.

3.    Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) was used to analyze the C and N isotopes in the third pereiopod of the genuine and “bathed” E. sinensis in Kunshan high-standard modified aquaculture ponds and Yangcheng Lake area. The results showed that “bathing” culture affected the isotope ratios of the “bathed” crabs to a certain extent and made the isotopic profiles close to those of the genuine crabs. Nevertheless, “bathed crabs” did still not own the similar characteristics of the genuine crabs. Stable isotope approach has the potential to trace the genuine crabs and identify “bathed” crabs. However, only using C and N isotopes to carry out the identification has certain limitations. It is necessary to combine more traceability indicators and traceability approaches to contribute a better protecting geographical indication products.

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