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中文题名:

 自然教育与劳动教育背景下学校花园对儿童身心健康福祉的影响研究    

姓名:

 范盟恩    

学号:

 20225504008    

保密级别:

 公开    

论文语种:

 chi    

学科代码:

 095300    

学科名称:

 农学 - 风景园林    

学生类型:

 硕士    

学位:

 风景园林硕士    

学校:

 南京农业大学    

院系:

 园艺学院    

专业:

 风景园林(专业学位)    

研究方向:

 自然教育与社区花园    

第一导师姓名:

 韩琪瑶    

第一导师单位:

 南京农业大学    

第二导师姓名:

 文乔    

完成日期:

 2025-04-15    

答辩日期:

 2025-05-30    

外文题名:

 The Impact of School Gardens on Children’s Physical,Mental Health,and Well-being in the Context of Natural Education and Labor Education    

中文关键词:

 自然教育 ; 劳动教育 ; 身心健康福祉 ; 社区花园 ; 学校花园    

外文关键词:

 Natural education ; Labor education ; Physical ; mental health ; and well-being ; Community gardens ; School gardens    

中文摘要:

随着城市化进程的发展和科技产品的普及,城市儿童与自然界的联系正逐渐减弱,对自然的缺失性体验愈发显著,身心健康问题凸显。在此背景下,校园作为儿童日常生活的重要场所,存在校园景观与课程教学互动性不足,绿地资源缺乏利用等问题。而社区花园作为自然教育载体,通过重建人地联结为儿童提供了接触自然的契机。其中,校区型社区花园,即学校花园,作为户外教室,兼具自然体验与科普教育功能,为缓解这一问题提供了有效途径。在中国自然教育与劳动教育蓬勃发展的背景下,本文探究并验证了学校花园对学生身心健康福祉的促进作用、不同年龄段促进效果的差异及不同身心健康福祉促进维度之间的相关性。

“身心健康福祉”涵盖了人们在身体、心理、社会等多个层面的全面健康和幸福状态。首先,论文界定和辨析了学校花园及相关概念与内涵,并系统梳理了国内外相关研究动态和理论实践,将学校花园促进学生身心健康福祉的益处总结为“环境保护与自然态度、心理健康与情感体验、家庭互动与团队合作、学生学习与能力发展以及饮食习惯与营养教育”五大维度框架。并结合上述框架总结了国内外优秀学校花园的设计策略和实施成效,采用参与式设计手法,将其应用于南京市莫愁湖小学及金陵中学学校花园的建设实践中。然后,论文以莫愁湖小学参与学校花园课程干预一年的全体学生为实验研究对象,采用准实验设计法、对照实验法、问卷调查法、半结构化访谈法等,深入探究了学生的体验与反馈。

研究结论显示,学校花园在促进学生身心健康福祉发展上存在明显效果,且不同促进维度之间存在较强的相关性,并且不同年龄段的学生在不同促进发展维度上具有一定差异,其中在心理健康与情感体验方面促进作用最为明显,验证了学校花园缓解儿童身心健康问题的有效性。此外,研究还针对南京地区已建设学校花园的学校中57名小学教师展开了问卷调查,深入分析了学校花园实践中存在的问题与挑战,如课程时长被挤占、硬件条件不足、课程教师多为其他学科老师兼任缺乏专业素养等问题。综上所述,笔者通过总结南京地区中小学学校花园的实践经验和教训,可以为其他地区学校花园的建设实施与课程设计提供有益的理论参考和实践指导。这将有助于推动学校花园在全国范围内的普及和推广,为更多学生提供优质的劳动教育和自然教育环境,促进儿童身心健康全面发展。

外文摘要:

With the development of urbanization and the prevalence of technological products, the connection between urban children and the natural world is gradually weakening, leading to a more pronounced lack of experience with nature and prominent physical, mental health, and well-being issues. Against this backdrop, schools, as important venues for children’s daily lives, face issues such as inadequate interaction between campus landscapes and curriculum teaching, and underutilization of green space resources. Community gardens, as carriers of natural education, provide children with opportunities to engage with nature by reestablishing the human-land connection. Among them, school gardens, as outdoor classrooms, possess both natural experience and science education functions, offering an effective pathway to alleviate this problem.

Against the backdrop of the booming development of natural and labor education in China, this thesis explores and verifies the promoting effects of school gardens on students’ physical, mental health, and well-being, differences in promotion effects among different age groups, and the correlation between different dimensions of promoting well-being. The concept of “well-being of body and mind” encompasses individuals’ overall health and happiness on multiple levels, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. The thesis first defines and discriminates school gardens and related concepts, systematically reviews relevant domestic and international research trends and theoretical practices, and summarizes the benefits of school gardens in promoting students’ well-being into five major dimensions: environmental protection and natural attitude, mental health and emotional experience, family interaction and teamwork, student learning and ability development, as well as dietary habits and nutrition education.

Combining the aforementioned framework, the thesis summarizes the design strategies and implementation effects of excellent school gardens at home and abroad, and applies a participatory design approach to the construction practice of school gardens at Mouchouhu Primary School and Jinling High School in Nanjing. Subsequently, the thesis takes all students from Mouchouhu Primary School who participated in the school garden curriculum intervention for one year as the experimental research subjects, utilizing quasi-experimental design, controlled experiments, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and other methods to deeply explore students’ experiences and feedback.

The research conclusion reveal that school gardens exhibit significant effects in promoting students’ physical, mental health, and well-being, with strong correlations between different promotion dimensions. Furthermore, students of different age groups demonstrate certain differences in various promotion dimensions, with the most pronounced promotion effects observed in mental health and emotional experience, verifying the effectiveness of school gardens in alleviating children’s physical, mental health, and well-being issues. Additionally, the thesis conducts a questionnaire survey among 57 primary school teachers from schools with established school gardens in Nanjing, delving into the problems and challenges encountered in school garden practice, such as curriculum time being squeezed, insufficient hardware conditions, and teachers lacking professional expertise as they are concurrently engaged in other disciplines.

In summary, by summarizing the practical experiences and lessons learned from school gardens in primary and secondary schools in Nanjing, this thesis provides beneficial theoretical references and practical guidance for the construction and curriculum design of school gardens in other regions. This will contribute to promoting the nationwide popularization and promotion of school gardens, providing more students with high-quality labor and natural education environments, and fostering the comprehensive development of children’s physical, mental health, and well-being.

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中图分类号:

 TU98    

开放日期:

 2025-06-13    

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