小麦赤霉病是由禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum Schw.）引起的一种发生在禾谷类作物上的真菌病害，这种病菌会在小麦穗粒中积累真菌毒素，能同时造成产量和品质的受损，严重危害了我国粮食的安全。近年来小麦赤霉病的流行范围和发病程度越来越严重，然而单一高频的使用某种杀菌剂会导致病原菌产生抗药性从而使防治效果下降。现今防治小麦赤霉病的药剂匮乏，所以需要筛选新型杀菌剂用于小麦赤霉病的防治。本文分别建立了小麦赤霉病菌对肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑的敏感性基线，测定了其生物活性和对毒素的影响，筛选了肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯分别和丙硫菌唑、氯氟醚菌唑复配的增效配方。

采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了97株、97株、95株和92株小麦赤霉病菌对肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑的敏感性并建立了敏感性基线，EC50值分布范围分别为0.0124~3.5828 μg/mL、0.0107~2.8058 μg/mL、0.2105~2.9663 μg/mL和0.0375~0.5145 μg/mL，平均EC50值分别为0.4147 ± 0.0792 μg/mL、0.2541 ± 0.0597 μg/mL、1.0429 ± 0.0585 μg/mL和0.1872 ± 0.0122 μg/mL。采用孢子萌发法分别测定了肟菌酯和氯啶菌酯对92株、97株小麦赤霉病菌孢子萌发的EC50值，EC50分布范围分别为0.0914~4.2542 μg/mL和0.1203~1.6763 μg/mL，平均EC50值分别为0.5472 ± 0.1177 μg/mL和0.4185 ± 0.0520 μg/mL。

四种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌生物活性研究，结果表明：肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑在浓度分别为50 μg/mL、25 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、2.5 μg/mL时可抑制小麦赤霉病菌孢子的产量；在浓度分别为50 μg/mL、25 μg/mL、1 μg/mL、0.25 μg/mL时均对小麦赤霉病菌细胞核的分布和细胞壁的形成无影响；肟菌酯和氯啶菌酯在浓度分别为0.5 μg/mL和0.25 μg/mL时可使小麦赤霉病菌呼吸速率下降，但对菌丝形态无影响；丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑在浓度分别为5 μg/mL和2.5 μg/mL时能使小麦赤霉病菌菌丝弯曲，分支增多；四种药剂分别在浓度为50 μg/mL、25 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、20?μg/mL时可破坏细胞膜的完整性，使胞内电解质外渗，甚至使菌丝细胞内部细胞器降解，使细胞完整性被破坏，出现空泡化。500 μg/mL的肟菌酯和氯啶菌酯对小麦赤霉病表现出良好的防效，保护和治疗作用均可达到60%以上，200 μg/mL的丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑对小麦的防治效果均可达到70%以上。肟菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑对小麦生长无安全性隐患；氯啶菌酯在浓度为1000 μg/mL时能显著降低小麦的株高和鲜重，对小麦的生长存在安全性隐患。

测定了肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑对小麦赤霉病菌产毒素水平的影响，结果表明：肟菌酯在浓度为0.5 μg/mL或50 μg/mL时均可刺激小麦赤霉病菌毒素的产生；氯啶菌酯在浓度0.25 μg/mL或25 μg/mL时对小麦赤霉病菌毒素的产量无显著影响；丙硫菌唑在浓度为10 μg/mL时可抑制小麦赤霉病菌毒素的产量；氯氟醚菌唑在浓度为0.25 μg/mL和2.5 μg/mL时均可抑制小麦赤霉病菌毒素的产量。

在离体条件下测定了肟菌酯分别与丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑，氯啶菌酯分别与丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑，混配使用时对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果，结果表明肟菌酯与丙硫菌唑比例为1:1时效果最好，增效系数（SR值）为5.5432；肟菌酯与氯氟醚菌唑比例为2:1其SR值较大为2.8197；氯啶菌酯与丙硫菌唑在比例为1:1时SR值2.6549，此比例下EC50值最小为0.1325?μg/mL；而氯啶菌酯与氯氟醚菌唑复配没有增效的配方。继而测定了几个增效配方在使用时对小麦赤霉病菌产毒素水平的影响，30 μg/mL的肟菌酯与丙硫菌唑（1:1）、20 μg/mL的肟菌酯与氯氟醚菌唑（1:1）、25?μg/mL的肟菌酯与氯氟醚菌唑（2:1）、0.45 μg/mL和45 μg/mL的氯啶菌酯与丙硫菌唑（1:1）均可有效降低毒素的产生，抑制产毒小体的形成。

本文建立了小麦赤霉病菌对肟菌酯、氯啶菌酯、丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑的敏感性基线，明确了四种药剂对小麦赤霉病菌的生物学活性，为抗性风险评估和监测田间病原菌的敏感性提供有效数据。筛选了肟菌酯和氯啶菌酯分别与丙硫菌唑和氯氟醚菌唑两两复配时的增效配方，测定了四种药剂单独使用和复配使用情况下对小麦赤霉病菌产毒素的影响，为田间的减施增效提供理论支持。

Wheat scab is caused by F.graminearum?on cereal crops, which is a kind of fungal disease. This pathogen will accumulate mycotoxin in the ear and grain of wheat, which will cause the yield decline and the quality of wheat will be greatly damaged, which seriously endangers the food security of the world. In recent years, due to the increasingly serious epidemic scope and incidence of wheat scab, A large number of single use of a fungicide will lead to the resistance of pathogenic fungi, thus reducing the control effect. Therefore, it is necessary to screen new fungicides for controlling wheat scab. In this paper, the sensitivity baselines of trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?to F.graminearum?were established respectively, The biological activity and the effect on the toxin were determined, and the synergistic formula of the compound of strobilurins and triazole fungicides was screened.

The sensitivity of 97, 97, 95 and 92 strains of F.graminearum?to trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?were determined by the method of mycelial growth rate. The EC50?values were 0.0124~3.5828 μg/mL, 0.0107~2.8058 μg/mL, 0.2105~2.9663 μg/mL and 0.0375~0.5145 μg/mL, respectively. The average EC50?values were 0.4147 ± 0.0792 μg/mL, 0.2541 ± 0.0597 μg/mL, 1.0429 ± 0.0585 μg/mL and 0.1872 ± 0.0122 μg/mL. The EC50?values of trifloxystrobin?and triclopyricarb?to the 92 strains and 97 strains of F.graminearum?were determined by spore germination method. The EC50?distribution range was 0.0914~4.2542 μg/mL and 0.1203~1.6763 μg/mL respectively. The average EC50?values were 0.5472 ± 0.1177 μg/mL and 0.4185 ± 0.0520 μg/mL respectively.?

The effects of trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?on the physiological indexes of F.graminearum?were determined. The results showed that when the concentration reached 50 μg/mL, 25μg/mL, 10μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL respectively, trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?could inhibit the spore yield of F.graminearum; At the concentration of 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL respectively, trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole were no effect on the distribution of cell nucleus and the formation of cell wall. At the concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL respectively, the results showed that trifloxystrobin and triclopyricarb?could decrease the respiration rate of F.graminearum, but had no effect on the mycelial morphology; The mycelial morphology were bent and branches increased when the concentrations of prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?were 5 μg/mL?and 2.5 μg/mL?respectively; At the concentrations of 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL?and 20 μg/mL, trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?could destroy the integrity of cell membrane, making the intracellular electrolyte extravasate degrade,?the organelles in the mycelia cells were destroyed and cause vacuolation. when the concentration reached 500 μg/mL, trifloxystrobin and triclopyricarb showed good protective and curative effects on wheat scab, and the control effect can reach more than 60%; when the concentration reached 200 μg/mL, prothioconazole showed excellent protective and curative effects on wheat scab, and the protective activity and curative activity reached 79.43% and 70.33% respectively, when the concentration reached 200 μg/mL, mefentrifluconazole showed excellent protective and curative effects on wheat scab, and the protective activity and curative activity reached 83.09% and 76.93% respectively; The trifloxystrobin, prothioconazole and mefentrifluconazole were safe for wheat growth,when the concentration reached 1000 μg/mL, triclopyricarb was harmful to the growth of wheat。

The effects of trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?on the toxin production of F.graminearum?were determined. The results showed that trifloxystrobin?could stimulate the production of toxin at the concentration of 0.5 μg/mL or 50 μg/mL; There was no significant effect of triclopyricarb on the toxin yield at the concentration of 0.25 μg/mL?or 25 μg/mL; At the concentration of 10 μg/mL, prothioconazole?could inhibit the toxin yield; Mefentrifluconazole?could inhibit the production of toxin significantly at the concentrations of 0.25 μg/mL?and 2.5 μg/mL.

The four compound formulations of trifloxystrobin?with prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole, triclopyricarb with prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole?were determined in vitro. The results showed that when the ratio of trifloxystrobin?to prothioconazole?is 1:1, the effect is the best, the SR value is 5.5432, When the ratio of trifloxystrobin?to mefentrifluconazole?is 2:1, the SR value is 2.8197; When the ratio of triclopyricarb and prothioconazole?is 1:1, the SR value is 2.6549. However, the formula of triclopyricarb?and mefentrifluconazole?has no synergistic effect. Then, the effects of several compound formulations on the production of toxin of F.graminearum?were determined. The results show that when the ratio of trifloxystrobin?to prothioconazole?is 1:1 and the concentration is 30 μg/mL, the ratio of trifloxystrobin?to mefentrifluconazole?is 1:1 and 2:1, and the concentration is 20 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, and the ratio of triclopyricarb?to prothioconazole is 1:1 and the concentration is 0.45 μg/mL or 45 μg/mL, both of which could effectively reduce the production of toxins and inhibit the formation of toxigenic body.

In this paper, a baseline was established for the sensitivity of F.graminearum?to trifloxystrobin, triclopyricarb, prothioconazole?and mefentrifluconazole, and the biological activity of the four fungicides against F.graminearum?was measured, providing effective data for the risk assessment of resistance and the monitoring of susceptibility of pathogens in the field. The synergistic formulations of the four fungicides were screened, and the effects of the four fungicides on the toxin production of F.graminearum?under the conditions of single use and compound use were determined, which provided theoretical support for the synergistic effect of application reduction in the field.

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