近年来，我国农业面临的挑战十分严峻，在耕地面积保持不缩减的情况下，粮食单产必须实现增产30%～40%才能满足我国未来人口的需求。小麦作为我国的第二大粮食作物，实现其单产大幅度提高对于我国农业发展的作用至关重要。要进一步实现小麦单产大幅度提高的目的，必须深入挖掘小麦品种资源的优良农艺性状，不断选育综合性状更优异的新品种。对于江苏省小麦品种农艺性状的演变规律，也有相关学者进行了一些研究，有的侧重于长江流域，有的侧重于黄淮平原，在前人研究的基础上对江苏省小麦品种农艺性状的演变规律进行全面的研究。本研究通过对历年来生产上推广种植品种进行统计分析，同时结合实地调查数据，综合大量相关文献从株型、产量性状、营养品质性状和生态类型等农艺性状上进行阐述，掌握江苏省小麦品种资源分布状况及更替过程特点，明确江苏省小麦品种资源农艺性状株高、千粒重、蛋白质含量、春冬性和成熟期的演变规律，同时对农艺性状区域分布差异进行分析，期望为下一步的品种改良和小麦生产提供一定的理论依据和参考。本论文主要结论有： 1、建国以来，随着科学技术的发展，江苏省小麦品种资源经历了6～7次更替，应用品种数量在60、70年代缓步增长，在经过80年代的较大幅增长后，到90年代至今趋于平稳，品种资源数量保持在35～40个之间，年代间和地区间分布差异明显。江苏省种植品种逐渐倾向于半矮杆品种、千粒重为35.1～40g的品种、蛋白质含量为11.01～14%的品种、赖氨酸含量为0.30～0.39%的品种、弱冬性品种、中熟品种，其占到品种资源总量的比重分别为50.32%、48.72%、48.40%、37.17%、29.81%。 2、随着品种更替，农艺性状也随之发生了变化。研究结果表明，江苏省小麦品种农艺性状的演变趋势是： （1）株型：株高显著降低， 56年来株高降低了24.48%，平均年递减0.45%，品种间的差异趋向缩小；矮秆和半矮秆品种所占比重大幅度增加，分别从50年代的6.7%和13.3%，增加到现今的27.2%和70.2%，中秆、中高秆和高秆品种所占比重逐年代下降。 （2）产量性状：产量变化最为显著，56年来产量增加了516.21%，平均年递增9.56%；千粒重显著提高，56年来增加了40.24%，平均年递增0.72%，品种间的差异趋向缩小；千粒重在40.1～45g之间的品种所占比重显著增加，从50年代的6.67%，增加到现今的55.95%。通径分析表明，我省小麦总产提高过程中，单产的作用占到了96.2%。而千粒重对单产作用占到了93.8%。 （3）营养品质性状：蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量显著提高，56年来分别增加了27.47%、16.57%，品种间的差异趋向缩小；蛋白质含量14.01%～17%的品种所占比重显著增加，从50年代的6.67%，增加到现今的47.62%；赖氨酸含量0.40%～0.49%的品种所占比重也显著增加，从50年代的8.89%，增加到现今的39.29%。 （4）生态类型：春性、偏春性和弱冬性品种随年代显著增加，冬性品种显著减少；中早、中熟品种随年代显著增加，早、中晚、晚熟品种显著下降。动态变化度的分析表明了研究区春性、弱冬性和中早熟、中熟品种较好地适应了耕作制度和生态条件，品种数量不断增加，变化度也不断增加，是具有继续推广效益的潜力生态型品种。 可见，上述农艺性状的演变与江苏省小麦品种改良与更替的进展是有密切关系的。目前，株高和千粒重均值为83.24cm和42g，可见增产潜力还是十分巨大的。品种较多，品质差异较大，整体品质还有待于改良，制定适宜小麦品质区划迫在眉睫。早熟性和丰产性有待于进一步协调。 3、农艺性状区域差异明显。千粒重的变异幅度最大，变异系数为1.89；其次为赖氨酸含量，其变异系数为1.59；再次为株高，其变异系数1.49；最后为蛋白质含量，其变异系数为1.39。这是因地区的生态条件和种植品种差异而产生的。生态型上，冬性，中晚熟地区差异最大。目前，淮北麦区小麦品种株高和千粒重为83.7cm和42.6g，淮南麦区则为86cm和41g，都有相当大的增产潜力，增产潜力方面淮南麦区要大于淮北麦区。品质差异较大，有针对性地建设适宜优质小麦生产基地十分必要。

In recent years, China's wheat varieties tend to single, agriculture is facing serious challenges, not the reduction in arable land, the grain yield must be increased by 30%~ 40% than now to meet the needs of future population. Wheat as the second-largest food crop in China, to achieve a substantial increase of its yield for the role of China's agricultural development is essential.To achieve a substantial increase in wheat yield of the objective, we must tap the full depth of good agronomic traits of wheat, and continuously integrated trait breeding superior new varieties. Jiangsu Province of agronomic traits in wheat evolution, it was also studied, but some focus on the Yangtze River basin, there are some limitations of the material, not in the area of the evolution of wheat varieties to conduct a comprehensive study of the system. In this study, over the years through the promotion of the production of planting species for statistical analysis, combined with a great deal of relevant literature from the plant type, yield traits, nutritional quality and ecological traits of the type carried out, contribute to a clear representation of agronomic traits between the era of the evolution of trends, and direction of the law of development, expectations for the next phase of wheat improvement and production of varieties to provide a theoretical basis and reference. The main conclusions of this paper are: 1. Since the founding, with the development of science and technology resources in Jiangsu Province has experienced wheat 6 to 7 times turnover, 60,70 the number of applications during the species very slow, after the 80's after a more substantial increase, to 90 age has become more stable, the number of varieties maintained at between 35 to 40, during the distribution of inter-and inter-regional differences. Jiangsu Province, gradually inclined to planting varieties of semi-dwarf varieties, weight 35.1 ~ 40g for the varieties, protein content was 11.01 ~ 14% of the species, lysine content was 0.30 ~ 0.39% of the species, the weak winter varieties, varieties of cooked , and its variety of resources accounted for the proportion of the total were 50.32%, 48.72%, 48.40%, 37.17%, 29.81%. 2. By the replacement species, agronomic traits also changed. The results showed that wheat varieties in Jiangsu Province agronomic traits in the evolution of the trend are: (1) Plant Height: a significant reduction in plant height, 56 years, 24.48 percent lower height, the average annual decrease of 0.45%, the differences between varieties tend to narrow; dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties of a significant increase in the proportion of, respectively, from 50 age 6.7% and 13.3%, to today's 70.2 percent and 27.2 percent, in the stalk, tall and tall varieties in the proportion of year-on-year decline in generation. (2)Production Traits: the most significant changes in production, 56 years, production increased by 516.21%, the average annual increase of 9.56%; weight significantly increased, 56-year increase of 40.24 percent, the average annual increase of 0.72%, the differences between varieties tend to narrow; weight 40.1 ~ 45g in species between the proportion increased significantly from the 50's 6.67 percent, to 55.95 percent today. Path analysis showed that the province increase the total output of wheat, the yield of the role of accounting for 96.2 percent. Role on the yield and grain weight accounted for 93.8 percent. (3)Nutritional Quality Traits: protein content and lysine content significantly increased, and 56 years respectively, an increase of 27.47%, 16.57%, the differences between varieties tend to narrow; protein content 14.01% ~ 17% of the species share a significant increase in from the 50's 6.67 percent, to 47.62 percent today; lysine content of 0.40% ~ 0.49% share of the species also increased significantly, from the 50's 8.89 percent, to 39.29 percent today. (4)Ecological Types: spring, spring biased and weak during the winter varieties with a significant increase in winter varieties significantly reduced; in the early and mid-maturing varieties increased significantly with age, early in the evening, late-maturing varieties decreased significantly. Analysis of dynamic changes in the study area shows the spring, and weak in winter and in early, mid-maturing varieties better adapted to farming systems and ecological conditions, increasing the number of species, changes in ever-increasing degree, is continue to promote effective potential ecological species. Can be seen that the above-mentioned agronomic traits and the evolution of improved wheat varieties in Jiangsu Province and the progress of change is closely related. At present, the average plant height and 83.24cm and weight 42g, yield potential can be seen very significant. More variety, quality varied, the overall quality has yet to be improved, the development of appropriate zoning imminent wheat quality. High yield of early maturing and need to be further coordinated. 3. The biggest weight variation coefficient of variation was 1.89; followed by lysine content, its coefficient of variation was 1.59; again for the plant height, and its coefficient of variation 1.49; the final for the protein content and its coefficient of variation was 1.39. This is due to the ecological conditions and species differences in cultivation generated. Ecotype, the winter, the largest regional differences in late-maturing. At present, Huaibei Wheat varieties for plant height and 83.7cm and weight 42.6g, Huainan area is 86cm and 41g, has a considerable production potential, production potential is greater than Huaibei area in wheat growing areas. Different quality, targeted high-quality wheat suitable for the construction of production base is necessary.