西藏山南地区是我国典型的欠发达地区和民族文化发源地，区域内文化独特、经济滞后、生态脆弱，经济发展以农业为主，第二产业和第三产业比重低，城乡居民收入差距大，边远地区农牧民收入低，生活贫困。另一方面，该区位于我国地缘政治前缘区，与印度接壤，跟印度政府之间存在着约4万平方公里的争议区，既是我国国土安全屏障区，又是我国生态安全屏障区；是国家级重点开发区——藏中南经济圈的重要组成部分；是国家生态安全屏障保护与建设的重要区域；是以水电为主，太阳能、风能、地热能发电为辅的藏中能源基地；是藏源文化保护地和以藏民族之宗、藏文化之源为标志的藏源旅游基地；是以生态农牧业、优势矿产业、民族手工业为重点的藏中特色产业基地。为促进山南地区社会经济发展，山南地区提出了 “六个模范区”的奋斗目标，大力实施生态强地战略，扎实推进生态美好模范区和美丽山南建设，在造林绿化、污染减排、城乡环境综合整治、生活垃圾处置和医疗废物处置市场化托管运营、环保制度建设等方面积累了先进经验，走在了全区前列。 在这一背景下，本案例分析西藏山南地区生态文明示范区建设途径与对策，在探索区域发展阶段、资源环境禀赋以及主体功能要求的基础上，分析该地区生态文明示范区建设的有利条件和制约因素，探索促进经济、社会、生态共同发展的建设途径，进而总结欠发达地区生态文明示范区建设途径，提炼推广模式，为欠发达地区生态文明建设提供经验。 论文共分为七大部分，第一章为绪论，重点探讨论文选题背景、意义、研究目的、研究进展、技术路线以及论文的主要创新点和不足之处等；第二章为西藏山南地区概况，包括山南地区交通、位置、经济发展水平、气候与自然条件特征等，从宏观上介绍案例区生态文明示范区建设基础与前提；第三章为山南地区发展态势及制约因素分析，基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）分析框架从经济发展质量、资源能源节约利用、生态建设与环境保护、文化培育、体制机制建设等五个方面共53项指标分析山南地区生态文明示范区建设的基础和面临的挑战，为示范区建设途径提供依据；第四章为山南地区生态文明示范区的战略定位分析和建设目标；第五章重点探讨了山南地区生态文明示范区的重点建设工程和发展途径；第六章分析了西藏山南地区生态文明示范区建设带来的经济、社会和生态效益区；第七章为结论与建议，重点探讨了以西藏山南地区为案例的生态脆弱的欠发达地区建设生态文明先行示范区的途径与对策。 西藏山南地区生态文明示范区建设案例分析 II 通过案例分析发现，西藏山南地区面临着经济发展滞后、生态服务功能减退、生态脆弱等问题，同时又是我国民族文化的发源地、生态安全屏障区以及水能资源基地，促进区域生态文明示范区建设能有效保障社会、经济和生态效益的协调。未来发展中，应通过谋划空间开发格局、调整优化产业结构、推动绿色循环低碳发展、节约集约利用资源、加大生态系统和环境保护力度、建立藏源生态文化体系、创新体制机制和加强基础能力建设等促进区域生态文明示范区建设；而区域未来发展的工程主要包含产城一体化、统筹城乡发展以及特色产业建设等。

This study aims at Lhoka prefecture in Tibet to explore ways to build ecological civilization demonstration zone of less developed areas based on the circumstances of this area’s regional development stage, resources, environment and main function requirements, and then summary the ecological civilization demonstration area construction in less developed areas, extracting promotion mode for the less developed areas to provide experience for construction of ecological civilization. In this background, this study aims at Lhoka prefecture in Tibet to explore ways to build ecological civilization demonstration zone of less developed areas based on the circumstances of this area’s regional development stage, resources, environment and main function requirements, and then summary the ecological civilization demonstration area construction in less developed areas, extracting promotion mode for the less developed areas to provide experience for construction of ecological civilization. This study can be divided into seven parts, the first chapter is introduction, mainly discuss the topic background, significance, research purpose, research progress, technical routes and the main innovation points and deficiencies, etc. The second chapter is the general introduction about Lhoka prefecture, including the Lhoka area’s traffic, location, economic development level, climate and natural conditions, characteristics and so on, to introduce the foundation and premise of this area from the macroscopic view. The third chapter is Lhoka prefecture’s development trend analysis by using DPSIR model. The next part is the feasibility of the assessment and evaluation target. The fifth part is the main task and ecological civilization demonstration area construction project as well as the relationship between the tasks. The sixth chapter analysis Lhoka prefecture’s ecological civilization demonstration area construction of the economic, social and ecological benefits, and then put forward the alike areas’ main ways and the direction for the future development of less developed regions. Chapter 7 is conclusion and suggestions, mainly 西藏山南地区生态文明示范区建设案例分析 IV discuss the examples of Lhoka prefecture’s ecological fragile and so to other less developed regions’ construction. The case study shows clearly that economic development lags behind, ecological service function decline, ecologically fragile and other problems are really exist in less developed areas. At the same time, the less developed ecological fragile area is the birthplace of Chinese national culture, ecological security barrier area and water resource base, promoting the construction of ecological civilization demonstration zone in less developed areas can effectively guarantee the coordination of social, economic and ecological benefits. Lhoka prefecture is the cradle of Tibet and the birthplace of Tibetan culture; it is an important component of Tibetan South Economic Circle, a national key development zone; it is a vital area of national ecological security protection and construction; it is an energy reservoir base for mainly having hydropower and supplementing by solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy power generation, to build ecological civilization demonstration zone is of vital importance. The future development of building ecological civilization demonstration areas are including the following eight parts: scientific planning and spatial development pattern, adjusting and optimizing industrial structure, promoting green low-carbon development cycle, saving and intensive the using of resource, enhancing the protection of ecosystem and environment, establishing the ecological culture system of Tibetan resources, innovation of system and mechanism and strengthening the basic capacity building. The areas’ major construction projects are ecological protection and construction, sustainable use of resources, balance urban and rural development, improving human habitat environment, construction of environmental protection, construction of eco-culture system, construction of characteristics industry, clean energy and technology support, etc.