海洋为人类提供食物、矿物和能源等海洋资源，但人类活动产生的海洋垃圾不仅威胁海洋生物的生存，也破坏了海洋生态环境，塑料是其中占比最大的海洋垃圾。由于物理化学性质稳定，塑料自发明以来极大地方便了人类生活，但其对海洋生态环境造成了巨大破坏，海洋塑料污染问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步，必须引起全球人民的重视与关注。 

《水生环境中的塑料》一书按照地理位置进行分类，分别介绍了地中海地区、东亚地区等多个不同地区内，塑料及微塑料这两种污染物对其海洋环境的生态影响和对海洋生物的影响。本次翻译实践选取了第五及第六章节作为翻译研究对象，详细介绍了地中海地区不同海洋生物因吞食或被塑料缠绕等原因受到的影响，有助于读者更加详细地了解当前海洋生物因塑料废物而受到的生存威胁，呼吁读者减少塑料污染，保护海洋环境及海洋生物。

本次报告选取该文本中的括号为研究对象，对比分析了中英文括号功能的异同，并以功能对等理论为指导，对典型案例进行分析，总结适合科技文本中括号的翻译处理方法。在以往学者对英文括号功能研究的基础上，本次报告将原文中的括号功能分为连接、注释和省略三大类，结合原文本的括号特点对三大功能进行了拓展，将其更为详细地分类。针对括号，本文总结出一套合适的处理方法，即一般情况下，对于中英文括号功能对等的，采用保留括号的形式进行翻译；若不对等，则在翻译时省略括号；对于个别功能对等，但因其他原因无法采用保留括号进行翻译的案例，也可根据具体情况省略括号进行适当调整。

本次翻译实践对比了中英文括号的功能异同，拓展了海洋科技类文本的括号处理方法研究，可为日后的相关翻译实践提供一定参考价值。

The ocean provides human beings with marine resources such as food, minerals and energy. However, nowadays, a large amount of marine debris threatens the survival of marine organisms and causes great damage to the marine ecological environment, of which more than 60% is plastic waste. With good physical and chemical properties, plastics have provided great convenience in production and life for human beings since invention, but they have also caused great damage to the marine ecological environment. The issue of marine plastic pollution has been so urgent that people around the world must be aware of the importance to make some efforts.

The book “Plastics in the Aquatic Environment” introduces the ecological impact of plastics and microplastics on the marine environment and the impact on marine life in many different regions such as the Mediterranean region and East Asia. This report takes chapters five and six as source texts. The contents involve the impacts on different marine organisms in the Mediterranean region due to ingestion or entanglement of plastics, which can help readers to understand the threats faced by marine life due to plastic waste, and call on them to reduce plastic pollution so as to protect the marine environment and marine life.

Based on the functional equivalence theory and the comparisons between Chinese and English parenthesis, this report selects the parenthesis in this text as the research subjects and summarizes the translation methods suitable for the parenthesis in scientific and technical texts. Based on the previous scholars' research on the function of parentheses in Chinese and English, this report divides the parentheses’ function in the original text into three categories: connection, annotation and omission, and then, combined with the parentheses’ characteristics in the original text, the three functions are further subdivided for the case study. For the parentheses, this paper summarizes a set of appropriate processing methods. In general, if the functions of Chinese and English parentheses are equivalent, retain them; while if not equivalent, delete the parentheses in translation. However, for the individual cases where the functions between Chinese and English parentheses are equivalent, but it’s unnecessary to reserve parentheses in translation out of other reasons, the parentheses can also be deleted appropriately according to the specific situation.

中文著作

[1] 林穗芳.标点符号学习与应用[M].北京：人民出版社，2000.

[2] 邵敬敏.标点符号要诀[M].上海：汉语大词典出版社，2000.

[3] 谭载喜.西方翻译简史[M].北京：商务印书馆，1991.

中文论文

[4] 陈光祥.英汉互译时标点符号的变通使用[J].上海科技翻译，2003(01)：4.

[5] 高凤江.标点符号在英译汉中的处理[J].中国翻译，1996(01)：26-28.

[6] 郭建中.简评《西方翻译理论精选》[J].中国翻译，2000(05)：66-67.

[7] 黄林娟，刘芹.浅谈功能对等理论在科技英语翻译中的应用——以科技英语长句汉译为例[J].外语教育教学，2013(08)：48-50.

[8] 蒋元霖，黎文汕.括号在英文摘要写作中的应用[J].学报编辑论丛，1992(01)：160-163.

[9] 李春培.英语标点符合用法例释[J].辽宁教育学院学报，1995(02)：68-71.

[10] 李大圳，章宇晴，付茜茜等.海洋环境暴露下生物膜对微塑料的理化性质和环境行为影响研究进展[J/OL].生态毒理学报，2023：6.

[11] 梁丽，王舟.标点符号的语篇衔接功能与英汉翻译中的信息处理[J].中国翻译，2001，22(04)：4.

[12] 刘进才.现代文学的“创格”之举——新式标点符号的修辞功能探寻[J].中国文学研究，2007(03)：66-69.

[13] 刘香，茹小尚，张立斌.海洋微塑料污染的生物效应研究进展[J].海洋科学，2021，45(03)：122-133.

[14] 戎林海，戎佩珏.术语翻译刍议[J].中国科技术语，2010，12(06)：39-43.

[15] 孙建强.再论标点的语用功能翻译[J].长春理工大学学报（社会科学版），2010，23(01)：64.

[16] 吴利波.主要标点符号在汉英翻译中的研究[J].科技信息，2011(14)：165.

[17] 徐赳赳，付晓丽.篇章中括号元话语的形式表现及功能分析[J].当代修辞学，2012(04)：13.

[18] 许明武，杨宏.科技英语插入成分的翻译[J].华中科技大学学报（社会科学版），2005(02)：120-124.

外文著作

[19] Newmark, P. A. Textbook of Translation [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press, 2001.

[20] Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.

[21] Nida, E. A. & Taber, C. R. The Theory and Practice of Translation [M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.

[22] Quirk, R. S., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language [M]. London: Longman, 1985.

外文论文

[23] Anisha, K., David, M. O., Tony, G. & Richard, S. Q. Microbial hitchhikers on marine plastic debris: Human exposure risks at bathing waters and beach environments [J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2016(118): 10-19.

[24] Boolchandani, M., D’Souza, A. W. & Dantas, G. Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Genet 20, 2019: 357.

[25] Cauder, T. A Functional Guide to Some Problems of English Punctuation [EB/OL]. 2009.

[26] Nida, E. A. Science of Translation [J]. Language, 1969(03): 483-97.

[27] Thomas, C. G. Punctuation Marks and Abbreviations [J]. In: Research Methodology and Scientific Writing, 2021, 455–473.

政策标准

[28] GB/T 15834—2011，标点符号用法[S].中国标准出版社，2011.