假俭草（Eremochloa ophiuroides）因其匍匐茎发达、再生能力强、耐粗放管理，被广泛应用于城市绿化和水土保持。干旱胁迫是限制假俭草生长和发育最主要的非生物因子。课题组前期通过对32份假俭草种质资源进行耐旱筛选评价，初步筛选出耐旱基因型‘CG101’与旱敏感基因型‘CG021’。为探究假俭草耐旱机制，本研究以‘CG101’和‘CG021’为研究对象，通过24 d持续干旱胁迫及6 d旱后复水处理，揭示两个基因型在光合系统、渗透调节和蜡质组分等关键生理过程的响应差异。结合转录组测序，进一步探究两者在干旱胁迫下基因的表达模式，研究结果如下：

（1）干旱胁迫下，‘CG101’光合能力强，表现为净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及叶绿素含量均显著高于‘CG021’。同时，‘CG101’的光合酶（PEPC、PPDK、Rubisco、RCA和PRK）活性及光合相关基因（PEPC、PPDK、rbcL、GAPDH）的表达水平均显著高于‘CG021’，而叶绿素降解关键酶（CHLASE、PPH和CHL-PRX）的活性和叶绿素降解相关基因（CHLASE、PPH、CHL-PRX和PAO）的转录水平显著低于‘CG021’。

（2）干旱胁迫下，‘CG101’渗透调节物质积累发生显著变化。其脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，脯氨酸合成酶（δ-OAT、P5CS和P5CR）、甜菜碱合成酶（CMO和BADH）和糖代谢合成酶（SPS）活性及相关合成基因（P5CS、P5CR、SPS和SS）表达水平上升幅度显著低于‘CG021’。此外，脯氨酸降解酶ProDH活性和蔗糖代谢降解酶AI基因表达量在‘CG101’中均显著高于‘CG021’。表明敏感基因型通过激活渗透调节应对干旱，但其代谢系统的过度响应导致旱后复水的酶活性无法恢复。

（3）干旱胁迫下，‘CG101’水分保持能力显著优于‘CG021’。‘CG101’的叶片失水速率显著降低、叶片表皮蜡质的积累量、各蜡质组分含量（烯烃、烷烃、醇类和脂肪酸类）和蜡质代谢相关基因（CER1、KCS6、GL1、WSD1、BCG11和PDR8）的表达水平均显著高于‘CG021’。

（4）转录组数据表明，干旱胁迫下，‘CG101’共鉴定差异表达基因3842个（上调2231个，下调1611个），‘CG021’共鉴定差异表达基因4211个（上调1947个，下调2264个）。其中，‘CG101’的差异表达基因显著富集在光合作用、光合作用-天线蛋白、MAPK信号通路、植物激素信号转导、甘油磷脂代谢和氨基糖与核苷酸糖代谢等通路中；‘CG021’中差异表达基因显著富集在光合作用、光合作用-天线蛋白、碳代谢、植物激素信号转导、光合生物中的碳固定等通路中。表明两份假俭草材料在干旱胁迫响应中具有相似的富集途径，光合作用、光合作用-天线蛋白和植物激素信号转导等通路对假俭草的耐旱性具有重要影响。

综上所述，本研究结果揭示了假俭草的耐旱生理生化机制，丰富了假俭草的转录组数据信息，为进一步挖掘假俭草耐旱的分子机制和耐旱育种提供了一定的理论基础。

Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), is characterized by its developed stolons, strong stress tolerance, and low management input. These advantages allow for its extensively utilized for green lawns, slope protection, and environmental remediation. Drought stress is the primary abiotic factor limiting the growth and development of centipedegrass. In previous studies, we selected a pair of materials (the drought-tolerant ‘CG101’ and the drought-sensitive ‘CG021’) from 32 centipedegrass materials. To elucidate the drought tolerance mechanisms of ‘CG101’, this study focused on these two genotypes ‘CG101’ and ‘CG021’. Through a 24-day drought stress treatment followed by a 6-day rehydration period, we revealed the differential responses of the two genotypes in key physiological processes such as photosynthetic systems, osmoregulation, and cuticular wax components. By integrating transcriptome sequencing, we further explored the gene expression patterns in both genotypes under drought stress. The findings revealed the following:

(1) Under drought stress, ‘CG101’ demonstrated stronger photosynthetic capacity, with significantly higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content compared to ‘CG021’. Meanwhile, the activities of photosynthetic enzymes (PEPC, PPDK, Rubisco, RCA, and PRK) and the expression levels of their corresponding genes (PEPC, PPDK, rbcL, and GAPDH) in ‘CG101’ were significantly higher than those in ‘CG021’. Additionally, ‘CG101’ exhibited significantly lower activities of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes (CHLASE, PPH, and CHL-PRX) and reduced transcriptional levels of chlorophyll degradation-related genes (CHLASE, PPH, CHL-PRX, and PAO) than ‘CG021’.

(2) Under drought stress, the increases in proline and soluble sugar content, the activities of proline synthesis enzymes (δ-OAT, P5CS and P5CR), betaine synthesis enzymes (CMO and BADH), and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (SPS), as well as the expression levels of their associated synthesis genes (P5CS, P5CR, SPS, and SS) in ‘CG101’ were significantly lower than those in ‘CG021’. Additionally, the activity of the proline degradation enzyme ProDH and the expression of the sucrose metabolism degradation enzyme AI gene in ‘CG101’ were notably higher than in ‘CG021’. These findings suggest that the drought-sensitive genotype (‘CG021’) activates osmoregulation to cope with drought, but its overactive metabolic response leads to an inability to restore enzyme activities after rehydration.

(3) Under drought stress, ‘CG101’ exhibited stronger water retention capacity compared to ‘CG021’. This was reflected in its lower leaf water loss rate, higher accumulation of leaf cuticular wax, greater content of various wax components (including alkenes, alkanes, alcohols, and fatty acids), and significantly higher expression levels of wax metabolism-related genes (including CER1, KCS6, GL1, WSD1, BCG11, and PDR8).

(4) Under drought stress, transcriptomic data revealed a total of 3,842 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ‘CG101’ (with 2,231 upregulated and 1,611 downregulated), and 4,211 DEGs in ‘CG021’ (with 1,947 upregulated and 2,264 downregulated). In ‘CG101’, the DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In contrast, the DEGs in ‘CG021’ were significantly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, carbon metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. These results indicate that both genotypes share similar enriched pathways in drought stress, and photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and plant hormone signal transduction may play critical roles in the drought tolerance of centipedegrass.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in centipedegrass and expands its transcriptomic dataset. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for further exploration of molecular mechanisms and drought-resistant breeding strategies in centipedegrass.

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