马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)起源于美国西南和墨西哥，现扩散到北美洲、欧洲和亚洲的大部分国家，成为马铃薯上最重要的食叶害虫。在我国，马铃薯甲虫现分布于新疆维吾尔自治区北疆，包括乌鲁木齐市、奇台和吉木萨尔县和木垒哈萨克自治县。 在新疆，马铃薯甲虫为害马铃薯和茄子。化学防治是新疆治理马铃薯甲虫的常用方法，而这可能引起抗药性。因此，评估马铃薯甲虫对新烟碱类药剂的敏感性差异，研究其分子机理，对综合治理十分必要。 采用点滴法于2009和2010年监测了新疆维吾尔自治区北疆9个田间种群对新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的敏感性变化。发现田间种群对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的敏感性逐年降低。2009年监测了6个田间种群，3种群对啶虫脒和噻虫嗪低抗；2010年监测的6个田间种群全部对噻虫嗪产生了抗性，中抗和低抗种群各3个。在监测的2个田间种群中，1个对啶虫脒低抗。噻虫嗪可能与三氟氯氰菊酯存在交互抗性。4龄幼虫对新烟碱类农药尚敏感，且与常规药剂没有交互抗性。 测定了胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)对马铃薯甲虫成虫和4龄幼虫代谢新烟碱类农药的抑制作用，发现PBO、DEM 和TPP在尼勒克、乌鲁木齐和奇台种群4龄幼虫中对吡虫啉的毒杀活性具有明显的增效作用。PBO、DEM 和TPP在奇台和乌鲁木齐种群4龄幼虫中对噻虫嗪的毒杀活性均没有明显的增效作用。PBO在察布查尔成虫中对吡虫啉的毒杀活性有明显增效作用；DEM 和TPP在奇台种群成虫中对噻虫嗪的毒杀活性具有明显的增效作用。以上结果表明多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和酯酶均参与了马铃薯甲虫对新烟碱类的代谢，其作用大小随虫态及抗药性差异不同而不同。 应用马铃薯甲虫P450转录组序列，进行克隆验证，共得到34条序列，鉴定出32个细胞色素基因。这为新烟碱类农药代谢机理的研究奠定了基础。 应用PCR技术，克隆出烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α亚基序列共9条，在NCBI网络数据库中通过blast比对，得出其分别属于nAchRα 3、4、5、7、9、10亚基。应用RACE技术对其中一条较长的nAchRα亚基进行了全长克隆，cDNA序列共1378bp，其开放阅读框从25 — 1368 位点，长度 1344 bp，编码448个氨基酸。该基因具有nAchRα亚基的典型结构相邻的两个半胱氨酸(Loop C环中)，并根据该基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他昆虫的nAchRα亚基的相似性，命名为nAchRα10。

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, has become the most important insect defoliator of potatoes throughout North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. The beetle is currently known to be widely distributed through most of northern Xinjiang, including Urumqi city, Qitai, Jimsar and Mori Kazak autonomous counties. CPB causes significant damage to potato and eggplant. Chemical control is widely practiced. This may result in the development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, it is urgent and essential to estimate resistance to neonicotinoids in CPB in northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region for proper choice of insecticides and integrated pest management. Susceptibilities of nine field populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata adults from northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region to 4 neonicotinoid , including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid, were evaluated by a topical bioassay in 2009 and 2010. The sensitivity of the pest to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was reduced yearly. Half of the 6 tested field populations developed low levels of resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam in 2009. All the 6 tested field populations, exhibited resistance to thiamethoxam in 2010, among them 3 populations showed low level and the other 3 populations showed moderate level of resistance to thiamethoxam. There was cross-resistance between thiamethoxam and cyhalothrin in the pest . In contrast, the 4th instar larvae are still susceptible to the 4 neonicotinoids. Moreover, no cross-resistance between conventional insecticides and the 4 neonicotinoids was found in the 4th instar larvae. The inhibitory effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethylmeleate (DEM) on the contact toxicities of neonicotinoids in the dults and the 4th instar larvae of L. decemlineata were evaluated. For the 4th instar larvae, PBO, TPP and DEM showed great synergistic effect on imidacloprid in Nilka, Urumqi and Qitai field populations. In contrast, these three synergists had no synergistic effects on thiamethoxam in Nilka, Urumqi and Qitai beetles. For the adult, PBO significantly synerthized the toxicity of imidacloprid in Qapqal beetles, and TPP and DEM greatly enhanced the toxicity of thiamethoxam in Qitai field population. These results demonstrated that mixed-function oxidase, esterase and glutathione S-transferase played a role in detoxification of neonicotinoids, with various detoxificative effects dependent upon insect developing stage and resistant levels. Based on a transcriptome from L. Decemlineata, 34 cytochrome P450 fragments were cloned and sequenced and 32 Cyp genes were identified. This will facilitate the future research on this topic. Ten fragments of α subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were cloned and sequenced. These fragments are members of nAchRα3, 4, 5, 7, 9 or/and 10 subunits by running a NCBI blast. A putative nAchRα10 with the length of 1378bp was obtained by RACE technology. The full-length reading frame (ORF) was 1344 bp and had 448 deduced amino acids.