水华蓝藻的及时打捞，可因蓝藻带走大量氮磷而净化水质，且可因避免蓝藻在水体中直接腐烂而导致水体进一步恶化。然而，打捞蓝藻若不能及时有效处置，随意堆放，会因蓝藻的腐烂发臭造成二次污染，也会因氮、磷、藻毒素的地表途径或向下淋溶而给水体环境带来新的污染威胁。如何及时有效地处置打捞的蓝藻是太湖水华蓝藻治理中面临的关键问题之一。本文以蓝藻厌氧发酵能源化与脱水蓝藻堆肥化为目标，着重对太湖蓝藻产气潜力、发酵过程中蓝藻漂浮分层以及膨胀问题进行研究，并采用ABR工艺对蓝藻进行发酵中试试验，以探索实际工程运行中蓝藻的处理效果，为蓝藻处理工艺优化作有益的探索。同时，还对脱水蓝藻堆肥化进程进行监测，以获得有益的堆肥工艺参数，并通过盆栽试验对蓝藻堆肥与常规有机肥进行比较，对蓝藻堆肥施用的安全性和可行性进行评估，为蓝藻堆肥化处理技术在我国的推广和应用提供依据。 蓝藻产气潜力研究结果发现，太湖蓝藻理论产气潜力为689ml沼气•gTS-1、350mlCH4•gTS -1 ，而在35℃条件下，太湖蓝藻发酵60d的实际产气潜力为 378.61ml沼气•gTS-1、410.80ml沼气•gVS-1和278.77 mlCH4•gTS -1。在整个发酵周期中，发酵前15天产气量占总产气量的63.02%，COD总去除率达到60.28%，而前15天COD去除率达46.68%。 对蓝藻厌氧发酵预处理研究发现，克服蓝藻漂浮现象有利于提高蓝藻产气效率，对蓝藻匀质化研究表明，通过调节蓝藻pH至3以下，再中和至pH7.0～7.5，可以实现蓝藻匀质化，并且经过匀质化处理后，蓝藻发酵产气量可提高5倍以上。试验还观察到：自然状态下3天内蓝藻膨胀可达最大，经过泵处理可以降低其膨胀率17%，节省酸化池体积约1/3。 蓝藻厌氧发酵ABR中试运行试验结果表明：当HRT为10d时，有机负荷COD在10000mg•L-1～30000 mg•L-1间波动变化，COD去除率稳定在65%～70%左右，当外界温度下降后，即使延长HRT至20d，COD去除率却呈下降趋势，在42%～68%之间波动。在整个试验运行过程中出料pH都稳定在7.5左右，受进料pH、负荷以及均温的影响不大。比较厌氧发酵前后，发酵液中藻毒素（MC-RR、MC-LR）含量变化，由80～150μg•L-1下降到0.02～0.5μg•L-1，低于世界卫生组织(WHO)已制定的饮用水标准1μg•L-1，达到蓝藻无害化处理的目的。 水华蓝藻脱水后，按蓝藻：风干牛粪：稻糠为40：40：20（质量比）进行混合堆肥，堆腐40天的试验结果显示：蓝藻堆肥经过一个月可以达到腐熟，腐熟后的蓝藻堆肥pH值为8.05、有机质含量为32.62％、全氮含量为1.59％、全磷（P2O5）含量为0.99％、全钾(K2O)含量为1.5％，总养分（氮＋五氧化二磷＋氧化钾）含量达到4％，符合《中华人民共和国农业行业标准－有机肥料（NY525-2002）》的要求。另外，经过60天小白菜盆栽试验结果发现，与不施肥处理相比，施入蓝藻堆肥增产25.63%，比常规有机肥的增产效果高12.2%。从小青菜Vc含量来看，施入蓝藻堆肥的处理比不施肥处理增加65.97%，比常规有机肥的增幅（97.22%）略低。可见，在增产效果上蓝藻堆肥高于常规有机肥，而在Vc含量上略低于常规有机肥。

Salvaging the blue-green algae from polluted water timely not only can purify water body through taking away lots of nitrogen and phosphorous, but also can avoid the deterioration of water body caused by the rotting of algae in the water. However, secondary pollution can’t be expected because of the roting of salvaged algae if they were stacked simply and weren’t treated timely and effectively, especial the flowing and leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and algae toxins. How to deal with the Taihu lake algae effectively and promptly is one of key questions in the course of solving Tailu Lake algae pollution. This study aimed at the energy utilization of blue-green algae through anaerobic fermenting and the resource utilization of blue-green through composting, and focused on the potential of methane production, floating and inflation during the process of blue-green algae fermentation. A series of pilot experiments with ABR craft were adopted to test the practical effect and optimize the craft of algae engineering treatement. At the same time, in order to obtain useful parameters of composting process, the composting process of dehydrated algae was monitored, whereafter, the security and feasibility of the application of algae compost into field was assessed through comparing algae and conventional organic compost with pot experiment, which provide the theoretic basis for promoting the application process of algae composting in China. The result indicated that the theoretical potential of biogas and methane production of blue-green algae were 689ml biogass•g-1TS and 350ml methane•g-1TS, separately. However, the practical potential of methane production of blue-green algae from the Taihu lake is 378.61 ml•biogas g-1 TS, 410.80 ml•biogas g-1 VS and 278.77 ml•methane g-1 TS under the temperature 35 ℃ and the fermentation time 60 days. In the first 15 days, the volume of biogas production accounted for more than 60% of total biogas production and the reduction rate of COD reach to 46.68%. The pretreatment on algae with anaerobic digestion indicated that floating overcoming of algae can improve the efficiency of biogas production. The homogeneity of algae can achieved through adjusting the pH less than 3, whereafter neutralizing the pH to 7.0 ~ 7.5, and the production volume of algae fermentation increased through homogeneity. The results indicated that the expansion of algae can reach the maximum naturally in 3 days, and it can decrease 17% after pump treatment, and 1/3 volume of the acidification pool can be saved. The results of pilot-scale experiment indicated that the reduction rate of COD is about 65%～70% on average and the value of pH is stable under the organic load between 10000 to 30000mg•L-1 when the HRT (hydraulic retention time) was 10 days. However, the reduction rate of COD decreased to about 42% ～68% when the outside temperature decreased and the HRT doubled. Throughout the course of pilot-scale experiment, the pH value stabilized at 7.5, and it was not affectd by the pH, temperature and loading of the feed-in matter. The content of microcystins (MC-RR, MC-LR) in the fermented liquid dropped from 80~150 μg•L-1 to 0.02~0.5 μg•L-1, which were lower than those values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), and it was indicated that the anaerobic fermentation can be used for blue-green disposal satisfactorily. The dehydrating algae compost can reach maturity after a month during 40 days experiment with the ratios of algae: cow dung: lees 40%: 40%: 20%. The mature algae compost character were as follows: the pH value 8.05, the content of organic matter 32.62 percent, total nitrogen 1.59 percent, total phosphorus (P2O5) content 0.99 percent, potassium (K2O) content 1.5 percent, the nutrient content of 4 percent, in line with the request of "the People's Republic of the agricultural industry standards - organic fertilizer ( NY525-2002) ". In addition, the result of potted plants test in 60 days found that, the application of compost algae can increase yield of 25.63 percent compared with no fertilizer application, and increase field of more than 12.2 percent compared to the organic fertilizer. The application of algae compost can increase the Vc conten of greengrocery more than 65.97 percent compared with no fertilizer application, but less than the conventional organic fertilizer (97.22%). Thus, the application of algae compost is higher than that of conventional organic fertilizer in the effect of increase yield, but slightly less than it in the quality.